Fig. 1. Schematic of SOFI reconstruction[12]. (a) A specimen consists of N temporally fluctuating emitters; (b) collecte the image sequence; (c) extract temporal fluctuation signals from each pixel of the image sequence; (d) calculate auto-cumulant functions of three fluctuation signals, respectively; (e) reconstructed SOFI image

Fig. 2. Schematic of SRRF super-resolution reconstruction[19]

Fig. 3. Flowchart of MUSICAL image reconstruction[35]

Fig. 4. (a) SOFI imaging of cells from patients suffered from incontinentia pigmenti, revealing spatial distribution of NEMO protein in cells[55]; (b) wide-field image of HP1α protein. (c) 3B image of HP1α protein[56]

Fig. 5. (a) TIRF image of microtubules labeled with Alexa Fluor 647; (b) SRRF image of microtubules labeled with Alexa Fluor 647; (c) TIRF and SRRF images of F-actin labeled with LifeAct-GFP (t=0); (d) TIRF and SRRF images of F-actin labeled with LifeAct-GFP (t=120 s) [19]

Fig. 6. (a) Wide-field image of microtubules labeled with GFP; (b) magnified wide-field image from Region A; (c) magnified MUSICAL image from Region A; (d) magnified wide-field image from Region B; (e) magnified MUSICAL image from Region B[35]

Fig. 7. (a) Computer-simulated radial resolution test pattern; (b) widefield image of test pattern; (c)-(f) bSOFI, SRRF, ESI and MUSICAL super-resolution images of test pattern; (g) intensity line profiles of positions indicated by white lines inthe images. Scale bar: 1 μm