Chaenomeles speciosa is the fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa （Sweet） Nakai， a perennial deciduous woody plant belonging to the Rosaceae family， serves as a dual-purpose resource for both medicine and food， demonstrating significant value in pharmaceutical， dietary， and nutraceutical applications. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in bioactive constituents of C. speciosa， including terpenoids， organic acids， and flavonoids， along with their phys?iological activities such as anti-inflammatory， anti-rheumatic， and uric acid-lowering effects. Furthermore， health claims and safety profiles are critically evaluated. Through systematic literature review and analysis， we propose evidence-based health claims for C. speciosa： aiding in lowering uric acid levels and regulating immune function， thereby providing scientific references for its medicinal and dietary applications. This paper is expected to facilitate the development and utilization of C. speciosa-derived products in functional foods and therapeutic interventions.