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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 23, 2322002(2024)

Optical Design for Vehicle‑Mounted Head‑Up Display for Micro‑LED

Yifei Chen1, Haohan Chen1, Gaoyu Dai1,2、*, Xiuzhen Lu1,2, Luqiao Yin1,2, and Jianhua Zhang1,2
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
  • 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Shanghai 201899, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (24)
    Equations (0)
    References (26)
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    Paper Information
    Topics
    Figures & Tables(24)
    Configuration of designed optical system

    Fig. 1. Configuration of designed optical system

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    Three-dimensional layout diagram and ray tracing

    Fig. 2. Three-dimensional layout diagram and ray tracing

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    Image quality of reverse design. (a) MTF curves; (b) grid distortion

    Fig. 3. Image quality of reverse design. (a) MTF curves; (b) grid distortion

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    Image quality of forward design. (a) MTF curves; (b) grid distortion; (c) spot diagrams

    Fig. 4. Image quality of forward design. (a) MTF curves; (b) grid distortion; (c) spot diagrams

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    Simulation effect of image. (a) Original image; (b) projected image

    Fig. 5. Simulation effect of image. (a) Original image; (b) projected image

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    Lens group structure

    Fig. 6. Lens group structure

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    Results of lens group simulation. (a) Original image; (b) projected image; (c) spot diagrams; (d) grid distortion

    Fig. 7. Results of lens group simulation. (a) Original image; (b) projected image; (c) spot diagrams; (d) grid distortion

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    Diagram of sunlight backfilling and anti-flooding

    Fig. 8. Diagram of sunlight backfilling and anti-flooding

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    Simulated transmission curves of PGU forward lighting in ZEMAX sequential mode. (a) Transmission obtained with initial parameters; (b) optimized transmission curve (forward film); (c) transmission curve after removing metal layer and attached layer; (d) transmission curve after removing attached layer

    Fig. 9. Simulated transmission curves of PGU forward lighting in ZEMAX sequential mode. (a) Transmission obtained with initial parameters; (b) optimized transmission curve (forward film); (c) transmission curve after removing metal layer and attached layer; (d) transmission curve after removing attached layer

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    Filter film transmittance in non-sequential mode

    Fig. 10. Filter film transmittance in non-sequential mode

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    Forward and backward transmittances of filter film

    Fig. 11. Forward and backward transmittances of filter film

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    Wavelength-energy diagrams. (a) Wavelength-energy diagram of micro-LED; (b) transmittance curve of filter

    Fig. 12. Wavelength-energy diagrams. (a) Wavelength-energy diagram of micro-LED; (b) transmittance curve of filter

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    Diffusion screen verification experiment. (a) Experimental apparatus; （b） diffusion screen imaging； （c） windscreen imaging

    Fig. 13. Diffusion screen verification experiment. (a) Experimental apparatus; （b） diffusion screen imaging； （c） windscreen imaging

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    Original pictures and test results. (a) Original brightness test image; (b) original distortion test image; (c) original contrast test image; (d) HUD brightness test image; (e) HUD distortion test image; (f) HUD contrast test image

    Fig. 14. Original pictures and test results. (a) Original brightness test image; (b) original distortion test image; (c) original contrast test image; (d) HUD brightness test image; (e) HUD distortion test image; (f) HUD contrast test image

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    • Table 1. Optical system parameters

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      Table 1. Optical system parameters

      Technical requirementParameter
      Virtual image distance /m7.7
      Field of view /（°）×（°）12.8×10.2
      Size of eye box /（mm×mm）130.0×50.0
      Picture generation unit size /（mm×mm）11.9×9.5
      Picture generation unit resolution1280×1024
      Modulation transfer fuction>0.1@0.37 lp/mm

    • Table 2. Main structural parameters of light path

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      Table 2. Main structural parameters of light path

      SurfaceCurvature /mm-1Distance /mm
      Object surface—-7700
      Wind shieldInfinity620
      M2-1138.965-235
      M1201.77395
      Image surfaceInfinity-395

    • Table 3. Zernike surface parameters of two free-form mirrors

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      Table 3. Zernike surface parameters of two free-form mirrors

      Zernike coefficientM1M2
      18.91700
      20.36900
      324.67000
      4-3.37904.0570
      5-3.6090-0.3090
      64.56400.8440
      70.32400.0720
      8-0.23700.0310
      90.2170-0.0430
      100.00480.0018
      110.07000.0074

    • Table 4. Parameters of each objective

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      Table 4. Parameters of each objective

      SurfaceSurface typeCurvature radius /mmThickness /mmMaterial
      Object surface—PlaneInfinity5.00—
      First lens AaConvex spherical surface24.538.98N‑BK7
      bConvex spherical surface-24.53——
      StopcStopInfinity——
      Second lens BdPlaneInfinity11.74N‑BK7
      eConvex spherical surface-13.08——
      Third lens CfConcave spherical surface-25.733.50N‑BK7
      gPlaneInfinity——
      Plane mirror D—PlaneInfinity——

    • Table 5. Initial film system

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      Table 5. Initial film system

      LayerMaterial

      Thickness /

      nm

      		LayerMaterial

      Thickness /

      nm

      1SiO23011Al2O369
      2TiO212212Ag31
      3SiO224013Al2O319
      4TiO26714TiO218
      5SiO212915SiO295
      6TiO21516TiO269
      7Al2O31817SiO2174
      8Ag5218TiO235
      9Al2O31819SiO299
      10TiO219

    • Table 6. Optimized membrane system

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      Table 6. Optimized membrane system

      LayerMaterial

      Thickness /

      nm

      		LayerMaterial

      Thickness /

      nm

      1SiO275.0011Al2O372.45
      2TiO2122.0012Ag31.00
      3SiO296.0013Al2O319.00
      4TiO253.6014TiO225.20
      5SiO2126.0015SiO276.00
      6TiO218.0016TiO269.00
      7Al2O314.4017SiO2170.52
      8Ag43.1618TiO298.00
      9Al2O314.4019SiO299.00
      10TiO219.00

    • Table 7. Transmittance of each field of view

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      Table 7. Transmittance of each field of view

      Field123456789
      Transmittance /%56.1355.9455.9456.1356.0556.0555.9556.1355.94

    • Table 8. Test results of brightness and distortion

      View table

      Table 8. Test results of brightness and distortion

      Test object

      Average brightness /

      （cd/m2）

      Maximum brightness /

      （cd/m2）

      Average

      distortion /%

      Maximum

      distortion /%

      Diffusion plane37358.33045792.5204.666.96
      HUD prototype2465.6822757.2634.868.01

    • Table 9. Tolerance design of optical system

      View table

      Table 9. Tolerance design of optical system

      ToleranceWindshieldM1M2
      Radius±1.0±1.0±1.0
      Thickness /mm±0.2±0.2±0.2
      Decenter in X direction /mm±0.2±0.2±0.2
      Decenter in Y direction /mm±0.2±0.2±0.2
      Tilt in X direction /（°）±0.1±0.1±0.1
      Tilt in Y direction /（°）±0.1±0.1±0.1

    • Table 10. Monte Carlo analysis results of average diffraction MTF at forward design (0.37 lp/mm) and reverse design (10.8 lp/mm) under tolerance analysis

      View table

      Table 10. Monte Carlo analysis results of average diffraction MTF at forward design (0.37 lp/mm) and reverse design (10.8 lp/mm) under tolerance analysis

      Percentage （sample） /%MTF at 10.8 lp/mmMTF at 0.37 lp/mm
      98>0.30642972>0.73693479
      90>0.30848029>0.75423093
      80>0.30964718>0.76050385
      50>0.31197620>0.76824860
      20>0.31423147>0.77251713
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    Yifei Chen, Haohan Chen, Gaoyu Dai, Xiuzhen Lu, Luqiao Yin, Jianhua Zhang. Optical Design for Vehicle‑Mounted Head‑Up Display for Micro‑LED[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(23): 2322002

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    Paper Information

    Category: Optical Design and Fabrication

    Received: Jun. 7, 2024

    Accepted: Sep. 2, 2024

    Published Online: Dec. 16, 2024

    The Author Email: Dai Gaoyu (gaoyudai@shu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS241148

    CSTR:32393.14.AOS241148

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology