Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Multiscale TiN-Strengthened Ti6Al4V Composites Materials via Laser-Directed Energy Deposition

Siyu Chen; Jianbo Lei; Guang Yang; Ying Zhang; Wanhui Zhao; Tao Wang

doi:10.3788/LOP240880

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 23, 2314006(2024)

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Multiscale TiN-Strengthened Ti6Al4V Composites Materials via Laser-Directed Energy Deposition

Siyu Chen¹, Jianbo Lei², Guang Yang³, Ying Zhang¹, Wanhui Zhao¹, and Tao Wang^1、*

Author Affiliations

¹College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

²Laser Technology Institute, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

³College of Instrumentation Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin , China

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Figures & Tables(16)

Fig. 1. Powder. (a) Ti6Al4V; (b) micro-TiN; (c) nano-TiN; (d) micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (e) nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (f) micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V

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Fig. 2. Sample preparation. (a) Schematic of the LDED process; (b) Ti6Al4V and three TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials

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Fig. 3. XRD patterns of Ti6Al4V and TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials. (a) 2θ=20°‒90°; (b) 2θ=36°‒44°

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Fig. 4. Cross-sectional macroscopic topography. (a) Ti6Al4V; (b) micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (c) nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V;(d) micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V

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Fig. 5. Microstructure of top, middle,and bottom of Ti6Al4V alloy and TiN/Ti6Al4V composites. (a) Ti6Al4V; (b) micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (c) nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (d) micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V

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Fig. 6. Ti-N binary phase diagram

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Fig. 7. Comparison of grain morphology of composite materials. (a) Micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (b) micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (c) nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V

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Fig. 8. Microhardness of Ti6Al4V and TiN/Ti6Al4V composites. (a) Microhardness curves; (b) average microhardness of cladding layers

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Fig. 9. Friction coefficient. (a) Changes in friction coefficient throughout the entire process; (b) average friction coefficient

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Fig. 10. Friction and wear results. (a) Comparison of wear quality; (b) wear volume of Ti6Al4V; (c) wear volume of micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (d) wear volume of nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (e) wear volume of micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V

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Fig. 11. 2D wear morphology of Ti6Al4V and three TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials

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Fig. 12. Wear marks and debris morphology of Ti6Al4V and three TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials. (a) Ti6Al4V; (b) micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (c) nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V; (d) micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V

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Table 1. FWHM of diffraction peaks
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Table 1. FWHM of diffraction peaks
Sample FWHM /（°） FWHM /（°）
Ti6Al4V 0.297 0.408
Micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V 0.306 0.426
Nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V 0.392 0.484
Micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V 0.324 0.456

Table 2. EDS results of nano and micro/nano TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials in Fig. 5

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Table 2. EDS results of nano and micro/nano TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials in Fig. 5

Sample	Point	Mass fraction /%
Sample	Point	Ti	Al	V	N
Nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V	1 （primary dendrite）	90.30	3.35	1.75	4.60
	2 （secondary dendrite）	89.57	4.42	2.32	3.69
	3 （tertiary dendrite）	88.10	5.80	3.41	2.69
	4 （other area）	89.37	6.05	4.58	‒
Micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V	5 （unmelted TiN）	91.28	‒	‒	8.72
	6 （flower-like TixN）	90.87	3.68	1.95	3.50
	7 （chain TixN）	88.87	5.80	3.31	2.02
	8 （chain TixN）	89.46	5.65	3.67	1.22
	9 （primary dendrite）	89.65	4.75	2.06	3.54

Table 3. Wear depth and width in Ti6Al4V and three TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials
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Table 3. Wear depth and width in Ti6Al4V and three TiN/Ti6Al4V composite materials
Sample Wear depth /mm Wear width /mm
Ti6Al4V 0.137 2.264
Micro-TiN/Ti6Al4V 0.132 2.130
Nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V 0.074 1.753
Micro/nano-TiN/Ti6Al4V 0.131 2.047

Table 4. EDS analysis of debris elements
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Table 4. EDS analysis of debris elements
Point Mass fraction /%
Ti Al V N Si
1 78.09 5.54 3.50 12.87 ‒
2 61.27 4.49 3.06 25.18 6.00
3 86.84 5.33 3.68 4.15 ‒
4 67.63 4.71 2.92 21.77 2.97
5 79.74 5.24 3.38 11.64 ‒

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Siyu Chen, Jianbo Lei, Guang Yang, Ying Zhang, Wanhui Zhao, Tao Wang. Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Multiscale TiN-Strengthened Ti6Al4V Composites Materials via Laser-Directed Energy Deposition[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(23): 2314006

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