Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 15, 1500012(2025)

Research Progress in Nonlinear Optical Limiting Materials (Invited)

Wenfa Zhou1 and Yinglin Song1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang , China
  • 2School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu , China
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    Figures & Tables(19)
    Schematic diagram of optical limiting setup
    Schematic diagram of optical limiting. (a) Variation of transmittance with incident laser intensity; (b) variation of output intensity with input intensity
    Schematic of excited state absorption
    Schematic diagram of the simplified three-level model
    Numerical simulation of optical limiting curves. (a) Numerical simulation curves of optical limiting under different ratios of excited-state absorption cross section to ground state absorption cross section; (b) numerical simulation curves of optical limiting under different excited state lifetimes
    Schematic of two-photon absorption and its induced excited state absorption
    Curves of transmittance of sample varying with incident energy
    Optical limiting curves of coumarin-120 at (a) 690 nm, (b) 780 nm, (c) 840 nm, and (d) 900 nm[23]
    Optical limiting curves of two pyrene-based derivatives[26]. (a) Molecular structures; (b) ultrafast optical limiting of P1 as a function of the input intensity at 900 nm, 850 nm, 800 nm, 750 nm, 650 nm, 600 nm, 532 nm, and 515 nm with 190 fs excitation; (c) comparison of optical limiting for P1 and P2 at 532 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, and 800 nm
    Optical limiting curves for C60 toluene solutions with 80% and 63% transmittance at 7 ns and 532 nm[56]
    Optical limiting of fullerene derivatives complexed with gold nanoparticles[75]. (a) Comparison of absorptive OL results of C60tpy-Au, C60bpy-Au, C60tpy, and C60bpy in chloroform with that of C60 in toluene with an identical linear transmission of 70%; (b) comparison of refractive OL results of C60tpy-Au, C60bpy-Au, C60tpy, and C60bpy in chloroform with the absorptive OL result of C60 in toluene with an identical linear transmission of 70%
    Molecular structure and optical limiting curves of porphyrin nanohybrids based on polypyrrole[81]. (a) Molecular structure of porphyrin nanohybrids; (b) optical limiting curves at 532 nm in nanoseconds
    Molecular structures and optical limiting curves of phthalocyanine compounds[91]. (a) Molecular structures of phthalocyanine compounds; (b) optical limiting curves of Si(OR)2Pc (diamonds) and Si(OR)2PcI4 (circles) in toluene solution at 532 nm in nanoseconds
    Two covalent organic frameworks and their input-output energy curves. (a) Covalent organic frameworks of MPc-PI-COF-1 and MPc-PI-COF-3 (M=Cu(II), H2); (b) input-output energy density curves[120]
    Optical limiting curves of Pt(II) complexes and their hybridised carbon quantum dots[142]
    Experimental results of {M4X4}[154]. (a) Illustration of the Z-scan measurement; (b) open-aperture Z-scan plots of PDMS and InOC-15 to InOC-19 (inset: photo of InOCs@PDMS film); (c) comparison of the nonlinear transmittance and nonlinear absorption coefficients of InOC-15 to InOC-19; (d) curves of output fluence versus input fluence for PDMS and InOC-15 to InOC-19; (e) variation in the normalized transmittance as a function of input fluence for PDMS and InOC-15 to InOC-19
    Femtosecond optical limiting curves of DPDA at 480 nm, 532 nm, 600 nm, and 700 nm[162]
    Optical limiting of DPDA solution at 21 ps, 532 nm (solid lines is numerical fitting, dash line is the simulation of optical limiting curve without excited state absorption)[162]
    Molecular structures of twistacenes and optical limiting curves of twistacene 5[166]. (a) Molecular structures of 2, 4, 5, and 7; (b) optical limiting curves of twistacene 5 under femtosecond pulses; (c) optical limiting curve of twistacene 5 at 532 nm under picosecond pulses
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    Wenfa Zhou, Yinglin Song. Research Progress in Nonlinear Optical Limiting Materials (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(15): 1500012

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    Paper Information

    Category: Reviews

    Received: Jun. 10, 2025

    Accepted: Jul. 3, 2025

    Published Online: Aug. 8, 2025

    The Author Email: Yinglin Song (ylsong@hit.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP251420

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP251420

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