Fig. 1. Relationship between reflectivity, refractive index and extinction coefficient

Fig. 2. Variation of absorptivity with wavelength

Fig. 3. Variation of absorptivity with temperature

Fig. 4. Millisecond laser processing model of dimple

Fig. 5. Temperature distribution of surface texturing. (a) Radial temperature distribution; (b) axial temperature distribution

Fig. 6. Temperature distribution with laser radius and time. (a) Variation of temperature with laser radius; (b) variation of temperature with time

Fig. 7. Variation of surface vapor pressure with depth

Fig. 8. Mass mobility of liquid metal under vapor pressure

Fig. 9. Variation of micropit forming efficiency with energy

Fig. 10. Thermal stress distribution. (a) Radial thermal stress distribution; (b) axial thermal stress distribution

Fig. 11. Radial circumferential thermal stress distribution. (a) Radial circumferential thermal stress under various power densities and action time; (b) radial circumferential thermal stress under various power densities and pulse widths

Fig. 12. Axial circumferential thermal stress distribution. (a) Axial circumferential thermal stress under various power densities and action time; (b) axial circumferential thermal stress under various power densities and pulse widths

Fig. 13. Effect of laser radius and action time on damage threshold. (a) Variation of damage threshold with laser beam radius; (b) variation of damage threshold with action time

Fig. 14. Morphology contour of micropit. (a) Three-dimensional topography; (b) two-dimensional morphology contour

Fig. 15. Variation of micropit diameter with energy and action time. (a) Variation of micropit diameter with energy; (b) variation of micropit diameter with action time

Fig. 16. Hardness measurement points and results. (a) Hardness meter and hardness measurement points; (b) hardness at different positions

Fig. 17. Micropit forming surface and profile. (a) Micropit forming surface; (b) micropit profile

Fig. 18. EDS analysis of micropit profile. (a) 1# region; (b) 2# region; (c) 3# region

Fig. 19. Schematic of chemical reaction change of brass material