Researching | E-Payment Protocols Based on Quantum Walk

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 43, Issue 5, 0527001(2023)

E-Payment Protocols Based on Quantum Walk

Yefeng He, Mengmei Yang^*, Zhi Li, Yan Liu, and Zheming Tian

Author Affiliations

School of Cyberspace Security, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, Shaanxi, China

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Figures&Tables (7)

References (30)

Paper Information

Figures & Tables(7)

Fig. 1. Protocol model

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Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of quantum-state transmission

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Fig. 3. Probability of Bob1 inferring the contents of the shopping list

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Table 1. Coding of Alice's measurement results
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Table 1. Coding of Alice's measurement results
Q-basis $λ_{2}$ X-basis $λ_{1}$
$|1〉$ $1$ $|+〉$ $1$
$|2^{'}〉$ $- 1$ $|-〉$ - $1$
$|0〉$ $0$
$|- 1〉$ $- 1$
$|- 2^{'}〉$ $- 1$

Table 2. Revise Pauli operation
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Table 2. Revise Pauli operation
$A_{1}$ $A_{P}$ Revise operation
$1 (- 1)$ $1 (- 1)$ $I$
$1 (- 1)$ $- 1 (1)$ $σ_{z}$
$1$ $0$ $σ_{x}$
$- 1$ $0$ $σ_{z} σ_{x}$

Table 3. Coding rules for purchase information
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Table 3. Coding rules for purchase information
$L_{i}$ $m_{i}$ $|a_{i} b_{i} c_{i}〉$
$0$ $00$ $|000〉$ or $|111〉$
$01$ $|001〉$ or $|110〉$
$10$ $|011〉$ or $|100〉$
$11$ $|010〉$ or $|101〉$
$1$ $00$ $|+ + +〉$ or $|- - -〉$
$01$ $|+ + -〉$ or $|- - +〉$
$10$ $|+ - -〉$ or $|- - +〉$
$11$ $|+ - +〉$ or $|- + -〉$

Table 4. Comparison of relevant protocols

Table 4. Comparison of relevant protocols

Protocol	Protocol in Ref.［11］	Protocol in Ref.［13］	Our protocol
Quantum resource	3-particle entangled states，single-particle states	3-particle partial X-LIOP states	Single-particle states
Trusted third party	No	Yes	Yes
Measurements	Bell-state measurements，Single-particle measurements	Single-particle measurements	Single-particle measurements

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Yefeng He, Mengmei Yang, Zhi Li, Yan Liu, Zheming Tian. E-Payment Protocols Based on Quantum Walk[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(5): 0527001

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Paper Information

Category: Quantum Optics

Received: Aug. 25, 2022

Accepted: Oct. 14, 2022

Published Online: Feb. 27, 2023

The Author Email: Yang Mengmei (meng_mei1999@outlook.com)

DOI:10.3788/AOS221642

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology