[1] A. Tuantranont, V. Bright, J. Zhang, W. Zhang, J. Neff, Y. Lee. Optical beam steering using MEMS-controllable microlens array. Sens. Actuators A Phys., 91, 363-372(2001).

[2] Y. Wang, G. Zhou, X. Zhang, K. Kwon, P.-A. Blanche, N. Triesault, K. S. Yu, M. C. Wu. 2D broadband beamsteering with large-scale MEMS optical phased array. Optica, 6, 557-562(2019).

[3] F. Aflatouni, B. Abiri, A. Rekhi, A. Hajimiri. Nanophotonic coherent imager. Opt. Express, 23, 5117-5125(2015).

[4] S. Chung, M. Nakai, S. Idres, Y. Ni, H. Hashemi. Optical phased-array FMCW lidar with on-chip calibration. IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 64, 286-288(2021).

[5] F. Aflatouni, B. Abiri, A. Rekhi, A. Hajimiri. Nanophotonic projection system. Opt. Express, 23, 21012-21022(2015).

[6] R. Fatemi, B. Abiri, A. Hajimiri. An 8 × 8 heterodyne lens-less OPA camera. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, JW2A.9(2017).

[7] F. Ashtiani, F. Aflatouni. N × N optical phased array with 2N phase shifters. Opt. Express, 27, 27183-27190(2019).

[8] M. S. Eggleston, F. Pardo, C. Bolle, B. Farah, N. Fontaine, H. Safar, M. Cappuzzo, C. Pollock, D. J. Bishop, M. P. Earnshaw. 90 dB sensitivity in a chip-scale swept-source optical coherence tomography system. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, JTh5C.8(2018).

[9] A. White, P. Khial, F. Salehi, B. Hassibi, A. Hajimiri. A silicon photonics computational lensless active-flat-optics imaging system. Sci. Rep., 10, 1689(2020).

[10] C. V. Poulton, M. J. Byrd, P. Russo, E. Timurdogan, M. Khandaker, D. Vermeulen, M. R. Watts. Long-range LiDAR and free-space data communication with high-performance optical phased arrays. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 25, 7700108(2019).

[11] S. A. Miller, C. T. Phare, Y.-C. Chang, X. Ji, O. A. J. Gordillo, A. Mohanty, S. P. Roberts, M. C. Shin, B. Stern, M. Zadka, M. Lipson. 512-element actively steered silicon phased array for low-power LIDAR. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, JTh5C.2(2018).

[12] J. Sun, E. Timurdogan, A. Yaacobi, E. S. Hosseini, M. R. Watts. Large-scale nanophotonic phased array. Nature, 493, 195-199(2013).

[13] S. Chung, H. Abediasl, H. Hashemi. A 1024-element scalable optical phased array in 0.18 μm SOI CMOS. IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 262-263(2017).

[14] N. Dostart, B. Zhang, A. Khilo, M. Brand, K. A. Qubaisi, D. Onural, D. Feldkhun, K. H. Wagner, M. A. Popović. Serpentine optical phased arrays for scalable integrated photonic lidar beam steering. Optica, 7, 726-733(2020).

[15] C. V. Poulton, M. J. Byrd, M. Raval, Z. Su, N. Li, E. Timurdogan, D. Coolbaugh, D. Vermeulen, M. R. Watts. Large-scale silicon nitride nanophotonic phased arrays at infrared and visible wavelengths. Opt. Lett., 42, 21-24(2017).

[16] W. Ma, S. Tan, K. Wang, W. Guo, Y. Liu, L. Liao, L. Zhou, J. Zhou, X. Li, L. Liang, W. Li. Practical two-dimensional beam steering system using an integrated tunable laser and an optical phased array. Appl. Opt., 59, 9985-9994(2020).

[17] D. O’Neill. Element placement in thinned arrays using genetic algorithms. Proceedings of OCEANS, 2, II/301-II/306(1994).

[18] R. Haupt. Thinned arrays using genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 42, 993-999(1994).

[19] C. Balanis. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design(2015).

[20] M. E. Bialkowski, N. C. Karmakar. A two-ring circular phased-array antenna for mobile satellite communications. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 41, 14-23(1999).

[21] F. Zhang, D. Zhang, S. Pan. Fast and wide-range optical beam steering with ultralow side lobes by applying an optimized multi-circular optical phased array. Appl. Opt., 57, 4977-4984(2018).

[22] N. H. Noordin, V. Zuniga, A. O. El-Rayis, N. Haridas, A. T. Erdogan, T. Arslan. Uniform circular arrays for phased array antenna. Loughborough Antennas Propagation Conference, 1-4(2011).

[23] M. M. Khodier, M. Al-Aqeel. Linear and circular array optimization: a study using particle swarm intelligence. Prog. Electromagn. Res., 15, 347-373(2009).

[24] A. Austeng, S. Holm. Sparse 2-D arrays for 3-D phased array imaging-design methods. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, 49, 1073-1086(2002).

[25] A. Darbinian, S. A. Hajimiri, A. Khachaturian, S. M. Fatemi. Photonics adaptive beam forming with a polar lattice comprising optical phased array receiving elements to receive the steered optical beam from optical phased array transmitting elements positioned in a circular path(2022).

[26] P. Ioannides, C. Balanis. Uniform circular arrays for smart antennas. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 47, 192-206(2005).

[27] H. Abediasl, H. Hashemi. Monolithic optical phased-array transceiver in a standard SOI CMOS process. Opt. Express, 23, 6509-6519(2015).

[28] J. K. S. Poon, W. D. Sacher. Multilayer silicon nitride-on-silicon photonic platforms for three-dimensional integrated photonic devices and circuits. 75th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC), 1-2(2017).

[29] R. Fatemi, A. Khachaturian, A. Hajimiri. A nonuniform sparse 2-D large-FOV optical phased array with a low-power PWM drive. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 54, 1200-1215(2019).

[30] M. Jacques, A. Samani, E. El-Fiky, D. Patel, Z. Xing, D. V. Plant. Optimization of thermo-optic phase-shifter design and mitigation of thermal crosstalk on the SOI platform. Opt. Express, 27, 10456-10471(2019).

[31] N. C. Harris, Y. Ma, J. Mower, T. Baehr-Jones, D. Englund, M. Hochberg, C. Galland. Efficient, compact and low loss thermo-optic phase shifter in silicon. Opt. Express, 22, 10487-10493(2014).