Fig. 1. Schematic of laser direct deposition process and equipment

Fig. 2. Size of wall part and measurement location

Fig. 3. Finite element model

Fig. 4. Thermo-physical parameters of TC4 alloy

Fig. 5. Mechanical parameters of TC4 alloy

Fig. 6. Simulated results of temperature field. (a) Cloud map of temperature field at t=175.5 s; (b) comparison of in situ measured and simulated temperatures; (c) thermal cycle curves of midpoint temperature of each layer

Fig. 7. Result of deformation. (a) Cloud map of z-direction distortion; (b) comparison of in situ measured and simulated deformation

Fig. 8. Results of residual stress. (a) Cloud map of residual stress distribution and path definition; (b) residual stress along path A'B'(y-direction); (c) residual stress along path CD (x-direction); (d) residual stress along path EF (z-direction)