The space gravitational wave telescope is a key payload of gravitational wave detection satellites, responsible for both beam expansion and compression. Optical path stability is a crucial indicator for the telescope, closely related to its structural stability. To meet the stringent requirements for ultra-high optical path stability and structural stability in gravitational wave detection missions, it is necessary to investigate the measurement of structural deformations in the telescope. This paper presents a study on multi-degree of freedom deformation measurement for space gravitational wave telescopes, focusing on addressing the coupling issues in multi-degree of freedom measurement and conducting a detailed analysis of error sources. During the development phase of the space gravitational wave telescope, this measurement method is expected to meet the demands for multi-degree of freedom deformation measurement, providing data feedback on multi-degree of freedom deformations for telescope design and offering guidance for optical path stability research.