Fig. 1. Schematic structures of the proposed meta-atom with the different geometrical details.

Fig. 2. Co-polarized reflection coefficient r₊₊ for different values of θ₁. (a) Simulated magnitude, (b) simulated phase, (c) measured magnitude, and (d) measured phase. 6.6 GHz and 8.4 GHz are, respectively, highlighted by the vertical black dashed trace and red dashed trace.

Fig. 3. Partial views of the fabricated prototypes. (a) S0, (b) S70, and (c) S180.

Fig. 4. (a) Magnitude of the co-polarized reflection coefficient r₊₊ of the top and middle C-strips separately. The black and red traces correspond to the middle and top layer strips, respectively. (b) Normalized current distribution of the middle layer strip at 6.6 GHz. (c) Normalized current distribution of the top layer strip at 8.4 GHz.

Fig. 5. Relation between r_xy and θ₁ at 6.6 GHz and 8.4 GHz. (a) Magnitude, (b) phase.

Fig. 6. Relations between r₊₊ and θ₁ at 6.6 GHz and 8.4 GHz. (a) Magnitude, (b) phase.

Fig. 7. Schematics of the operating principles of (a) MTS1 and (d) MTS2. Phase profiles of MTS1 at (b) 6.6 GHz and (c) 8.4 GHz. Phase profiles of MTS2 at (e) 6.6 GHz and (f) 8.4 GHz.

Fig. 8. Partial view of the fabricated MTSs. (a) MTS1 and (b) MTS2. (c) Photograph of measurement setup showing the MTS illuminated by a horn antenna. (d) Schematic illustration of the far-field measurement setup in a microwave anechoic chamber.

Fig. 9. Normalized magnitude of RCP electric field in the far-field region plotted versus detection angle and frequency of MTS1. (a) Simulated and (c) measured results in the xoz plane. (b) Simulated and (d) measured results in the yoz plane.

Fig. 10. Normalized magnitude of RCP electric field in the far-field region plotted versus detection angle and frequency of MTS2 in the xoz plane. (a) Simulated and (b) measured results.

Fig. 11. Simulated and measured RCP reflection efficiencies of MTS1 and MTS2.