As a kind of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, gamma rays can lead to radiation effect and environmental pollution. To ensure the reliability and safety utilization of gamma radiations in different areas, materials with reliable gamma shielding performances should be developed. The existing efforts are to use glasses as alternative for the conventional radiation shielding materials. As a typical window material, glass itself has attracted wide attention due to its unique chemical and physical advantages. Among them, lead-based radiation shielding materials are widely used in the field of ionizing radiation protection due to their reliable physical properties. In the nuclear industry and high energy physics laboratories, different materials can be used for temporary or permanent shielding. The lead-based glass doped with heavy metal oxide PbO is widely used in the field of radiation shielding for a long time with reliable light transmission properties, which facilitates the observation and monitoring of radiation areas. In this paper, three kinds of transparent silicate glass with different PbO contents were prepared by a high-temperature melting forming method. The gamma-rays protection abilities of the three kinds of glass were investigated through experimental and thermotical methods. The chemical and thermal stability of the glass were also analyzed. In addition, the influence mechanism of the structure and performance differences of the three kinds of glass was also discussed.