Combining Airborne LiDAR and Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images for Forest Canopy Density Estimation

Junjie LUO; Xiaoyang REN; Rundong LIU; Ningning ZHU

doi:10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2025.3.0600

Remote Sensing Technology and Application, Volume. 40, Issue 3, 600(2025)

Combining Airborne LiDAR and Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images for Forest Canopy Density Estimation

Junjie LUO^1,4,5, Xiaoyang REN^1,4,5, Rundong LIU³, and Ningning ZHU^2、*

Author Affiliations

¹School of Mapping and Geoinformation， Lanzhou Jiaotong University， Lanzhou730070，China

²State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying， Mapping and Remote Sensing， Wuhan University， Wuhan430079， China

³Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Remote Sensing Institute of Natural Resources， Nanning530023，China

⁴National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications，Lanzhou730070，China

⁵Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic Conditions Monitoring， Lanzhou730070， China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Distribution of forest sample sites

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Fig. 2. Flowchart of forest canopy density inversion technique based on multi-source remote sensing data

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Fig. 3. Calculate forest canopy closure using LiDAR point cloud data

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Fig. 4. Scatter plot of random forest regression model accuracy validation results

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Fig. 5. Scatter plot of the accuracy verification results of the support vector regression model

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Fig. 6. Mapping of forest canopy closure

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Fig. 7. Statistical chart of forest canopy classification

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Table 1. Table 1Selected spectral bands and resolutions of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8

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Table 1. Table 1Selected spectral bands and resolutions of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8

遥感卫星	波段名称	原始波段号	波长/nm	空间分辨率/m
Sentinel-2 MSI	Blue	2	458-523	10
	Green	3	543-578	10
	Red	4	650-680	10
	NIR	8	785-900	10
Landsat-8 OLI	Blue	2	450-515	30
	Green	3	525-600	30
	Red	4	630-680	30
	NIR	5	845-885	30

Table 2. Table 2Sentinel-1 Dual Polarization Bands
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Table 2. Table 2Sentinel-1 Dual Polarization Bands
遥感卫星波段名称波段介绍
Sentinel-1 SAR VV 单同极化，垂直发射/垂直接收
VH 双频交叉极化、垂直极化发射/水平极化接收

Table 3. Table 3Vegetation index and calculation formula

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Table 3. Table 3Vegetation index and calculation formula

植被指数	公式
归一化植被指数（NDVI）	$N D V I = (n i r - r) / (n i r + r)$
归一化绿度植被指数（NDVIg）	$N D V I_{g} = (n i r - g) / (n i r + g)$
绿波段叶绿素指数（CIg）	$C I_{g} = n i r / g - 1$
增强植被指数（EVI）	$E V I = 2.5 \times (n i r - r) / (n i r + 6 \times r - 7.5 \times b + 1)$

Table 4. Table 4Comparison of the estimated results of the four cases
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Table 4. Table 4Comparison of the estimated results of the four cases
模型方法特征组合 R² RMSE MAE
RFR S2 0.694 0.193 0.133
S2+S1 0.703 0.190 0.130
L8 0.690 0.198 0.140
L8+S1 0.698 0.195 0.139
SVR S2 0.506 0.252 0.180
S2+S1 0.585 0.230 0.164
L8 0.472 0.258 0.189
L8+S1 0.618 0.219 0.168

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Junjie LUO, Xiaoyang REN, Rundong LIU, Ningning ZHU. Combining Airborne LiDAR and Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images for Forest Canopy Density Estimation[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2025, 40(3): 600

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