Fig. 1. Schematic of the theoretical basis for constructing ENFDI

Fig. 2. Latitude transects of the inversion parameters of ENFDI

Fig. 3. Comparison of the NTL and ENFDI inversion results for forest fires

Fig. 4. Comparison of fire identification based on NTL, Tmir, ENFDI and VNP14IMG

Fig. 5. Verification of ENFDI's and TMIR's forest fires identification accuraciesbased on the burned area calculated from GF-1’s imaging

Fig. 6. Comparison of ENFDI’s efficacies in mitigating NTL saturation across the Shenyang’s and Huludao’s forest fires

Fig. 7. Comparison of ENFDI and VNP14IMG in fire identification