Fig. 1. Schematic of energy mapping of free-form surface sampling points

Fig. 2. Analysis of illumination curve on target surface

Fig. 3. Diagram of feedback optimization process

Fig. 4. Diagram of total reflection energy loss

Fig. 5. Diagram of various parameters of LED lighting system

Fig. 6. Diagram of lens structure. (a) Lens profile; (b) lens physical model

Fig. 7. LightTools illuminance simulation results

Fig. 8. LightTools illuminance curve comparison

Fig. 9. Illumination distribution diagrams. (a) Initial illumination; (b) illumination after once optimization; (c) illumination after two optimizations; (d) illumination after three optimizations

Fig. 10. Influences of DHR and number of iterations on non-uniformity