Carbon-based ultrabroadband tunable terahertz metasurface absorber

Aiqiang Nie; Xiaoyong He; Wenhan Cao

doi:10.1117/1.APN.3.1.016007

Advanced Photonics Nexus, Volume. 3, Issue 1, 016007(2024)

Carbon-based ultrabroadband tunable terahertz metasurface absorber Editors' Pick

Aiqiang Nie¹, Xiaoyong He^2、*, and Wenhan Cao^1,3、*

Author Affiliations

¹ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China

²Shanghai Normal University, Mathematics and Science College, Department of Physics, Shanghai, China

³Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai, China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of broadband absorber structure: (a) three-dimensional structure, (b) top view of a unit cell, and (c) split diagram of a unit cell.

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Fig. 2. (a)–(d) Absorption curves of evolutionary structures ( $E_{f} = 1 eV$ ).

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Fig. 3. (a)–(d) Influence of different structural parameters on the performance of the absorber ( $E_{f} = 1 eV$ ).

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Fig. 4. Absorption curves of the absorber at $0 - 1 eV$ graphene Fermi energy levels (the absorption bandwidth at 1 eV is 8.99 THz).

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Fig. 5. Equivalent parameters ( $E_{f} = 1 eV$ ): (a) relative impedance, (b) equivalent dielectric constant, and (c) equivalent magnetic permeability.

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Fig. 6. (a) split diagram of a unit cell, (b) electrical circuit, and (c) comparison of absorption curves obtained by simulation and ECM ( $E_{f} = 1 eV$ ).

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Fig. 7. The absolute field distribution and field distribution of vector ( $E_{f} = 1 eV$ ): (a) E-field ( $f = 8.34 THz$ ), (b) E-field ( $f = 14.66 THz$ ), (c) H-field ( $f = 8.34 THz$ ), and (d) H-field ( $f = 14.66 THz$ ).

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Fig. 8. The power loss (first row) on graphene (left) and graphite (right) and current density (second row) on the top (left) and bottom surfaces (right) in the absorber at frequency ( $E_{f} = 1 eV$ ): (a) and (c) 8.34 THz; (b) and (d) 14.66 THz.

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Fig. 9. The absorption spectrum of the absorber ( $E_{f} = 1 eV$ ): (a) different incident angles of TE mode, (b) different incident angles of TM mode, and (c) different polarization angles.

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Table 1. Parameters of the designed carbon-based metasurface absorber.

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Table 1. Parameters of the designed carbon-based metasurface absorber.


Parameter	Value ( $μ m$ )
Unit cell periodicity ( $P$ )	3
Width of graphene interconnects ( $W$ )	0.05
Radius of graphene structure ( $R_{1}$ )	1.4
Outer radius of graphite ring ( $R_{2}$ )	0.9
Inner radius of graphite ring ( $R_{3}$ )	0.6
Radius of graphite circle ( $R_{4}$ )	0.5
Thickness of graphite ( $T_{1}$ )	0.1
Thickness of graphene ( $T_{2}$ )	0.001
Thickness of dielectric layer ( $T_{3}$ )	3
Thickness of substrate ( $T_{4}$ )	2

Table 2. Comparison of performance parameters with those of other absorbers.

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Table 2. Comparison of performance parameters with those of other absorbers.


Reference	Material	Frequency range (THz) ( $A > 90 %$ )	Bandwidth (THz)	Thickness ( $μ m$ )	Insensitive to $Φ$	Tunable
18	${VO}_{2} / metal$	2.6 to 7.5	4.9	76.5	Yes	Yes
21	Metal/graphene	3.4 to 9.1	5.7	9.5	Yes	Yes
47	${VO}_{2} / metal$	1.85 to 4.3	2.45	12.4	Yes	Yes
36	Graphite	0.65 to 3.03	2.38	50.2	Yes	No
37	Graphite	6.26 to 13.05	6.79	7	Yes	No
48	Graphene/metal	3.69 to 9.77	6.08	7.101	Yes	Yes
49	Graphene/metal	7 to 9.25	2.25	5.101	Yes	Yes
This work	Graphene/graphite	7.24 to 16.23	8.99	5.101	Yes	Yes