[1] O. Gerstel, M. Jinno, A. Lord et al. Elastic optical networking: a new dawn for the optical layer?. IEEE Comm. Mag., 50, s12(2012).

[2] T. J. Xia, H. Fevrier, T. Wang et al. Introduction of spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks. IEEE Comm. Mag., 53, 24(2015).

[3] Y. Luo, X. Zhou, F. Effenberger et al. Time- and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation PON stage 2 (NG-PON2). J. Light. Technol., 31, 587(2013).

[4] G. Zhang, M. De Leenheer, A. Morea et al. A survey on OFDM-based elastic core optical networking. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., 15, 65(2013).

[5] A. S. Thyagaturu, A. Mercian, M. P. McGarry et al. Software defined optical networks (SDONs): a comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., 18, 2738(2016).

[6] X. Liu, H. Lun, M. Fu et al. AI-based modeling and monitoring techniques for future intelligent elastic optical networks. Appl. Sci., 10, 363(2020).

[7] Z. Dong, F. N. Khan, Q. Sui et al. Optical performance monitoring: a review of current and future technologies. J. Light. Technol., 34, 525(2016).

[8] K. Christodoulopoulos, C. Delezoide, N. Sambo et al. Toward efficient, reliable, and autonomous optical networks: the ORCHESTRA solution [Invited]. J. Opt. Commun. Netw., 11, C10(2019).

[9] D. Wang, H. Jiang, G. Liang et al. Optical performance monitoring of multiple parameters in future optical networks. J. Light. Technol., 39, 3792(2021).

[10] F. N. Hauske, M. Kuschnerov, B. Spinnler et al. Optical performance monitoring in digital coherent receivers. J. Light. Technol., 27, 3623(2009).

[11] F. V. Caballero, D. Ives, Q. Zhuge et al. Joint estimation of linear and non-linear signal-to-noise ratio based on neural networks. Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition(2018).

[12] J. Liu, Z. Dong, K. Zhong et al. Modulation format identification based on received signal power distributions for digital coherent receivers. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition(2014).

[13] S. M. Bilal, G. Bosco, Z. Dong et al. Blind modulation format identification for digital coherent receivers. Opt. Express, 23, 26769(2015).

[14] L. Jiang, L. Yan, A. Yi et al. Robust and blind modulation format identification for elastic optical networks. European Conference on Optical Communication, 1(2018).

[15] L. Jiang, L. Yan, A. Yi et al. An effective modulation format identification based on intensity profile features for digital coherent receivers. J. Light. Technol., 37, 5067(2019).

[16] R. Borkowski, D. Zibar, A. Caballero et al. Stokes space-based optical modulation format recognition for digital coherent receivers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 25, 2129(2013).

[17] T. Bo, J. Tang, C. K. Chan. Modulation format recognition for optical signals using connected component analysis. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 29, 11(2017).

[18] L. Jiang, L. Yan, A. Yi et al. Blind density-peak-based modulation format identification for elastic optical networks. J. Light. Technol., 36, 2850(2018).

[19] S. Bilal, G. Bosco, Z. Dong et al. Blind modulation format identification for digital coherent receivers. Opt. Express, 23, 26769(2015).

[20] G. Liu, R. Proietti, K. Zhang et al. Blind modulation format identification using nonlinear power transformation. Opt. Express, 25, 30895(2017).

[21] S. Fu, Z. Xu, J. Lu et al. Modulation format identification enabled by the digital frequency-offset loading technique for hitless coherent transceiver. Opt. Express, 26, 7288(2018).

[22] X. Lin, O. Dobre, T. Ngatched et al. A non-data-aided OSNR estimation algorithm for coherent optical fiber communication systems employing multilevel constellations. J. Light. Technol., 37, 3815(2019).

[23] L. Xu, Q. Wu, Z. Feng et al. Training symbol assisted in-band OSNR monitoring technique suitable for long haul Raman amplified PDM-CO-OFDM system. Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference and Photonics Global Conference, 1(2017).

[24] C. Do, A. V. Tran, C. Zhu et al. Data-aided OSNR estimation for QPSK and 16-QAM coherent optical system. IEEE Photonics J., 5, 6601609(2013).

[25] Q. Wu, L. Zhang, X. Li et al. Training symbol assisted in-band OSNR monitoring technique for PDM-CO-OFDM system. J. Light. Technol., 35, 1551(2017).

[26] L. Lundberg, H. Sunnerud, P. Johannisson. In-band OSNR monitoring of PM-QPSK using the Stokes parameters. Optical Fiber Communication Conference(2015).

[27] T. Saida, I. Ogawa, T. Mizuno et al. In-band OSNR monitor with high-speed integrated Stokes polarimeter for polarization division multiplexed signal. Opt. Express, 20, B165(2012).

[28] C. Zhu, A. Tran, S. Chen et al. Statistical moments-based OSNR monitoring for coherent optical systems. Opt. Express, 20, 17711(2012).

[29] Y. Ma, M. Gao, L. Wang et al. Accuracy enhancement of moments-based OSNR monitoring in QAM coherent optical communication. IEEE Commun. Lett., 24, 821(2020).

[30] M. Faruk, Y. Mori, K. Kikuchi. In-band estimation of optical signal-to-noise ratio from equalized signals in digital coherent receivers. IEEE Photonics J., 6, 7800109(2014).

[31] X. Fan, Y. Xie, F. Ren et al. Joint optical performance monitoring and modulation format/bit-rate identification by CNN-based multi-task learning. IEEE Photonics J., 10, 7906712(2018).

[32] D. Wang, M. Wang, M. Zhang et al. Cost-effective and data size–adaptive OPM at intermediated node using convolutional neural network-based image processor. Opt. Express, 27, 9403(2019).

[33] H. Cho, S. Varughese, D. Lippiatt et al. Optical performance monitoring using digital coherent receivers and convolutional neural networks. Opt. Express, 28, 32087(2020).

[34] J. Feng, L. Jiang, L. Yan et al. Intelligent optical performance monitoring based on intensity and differential-phase features for digital coherent receivers. J. Light. Technol., 40, 3592(2022).

[35] F. Khan, Y. Yu, M. Tan et al. Simultaneous OSNR monitoring and modulation format identification using asynchronous single channel sampling. Asia Communications and Photonics Conference(2015).

[36] Q. Zhang, J. Chen, H. Zhou et al. A simple artificial neural network based joint modulation format identification and OSNR monitoring algorithm for elastic optical networks. Asia Communications and Photonics Conference(2018).

[37] Z. Wan, Z. Yu, L. Shu et al. Intelligent optical performance monitor using multi-task learning based artificial neural network. Opt. Express, 27, 11281(2019).

[38] Q. Xiang, Y. Yang, Q. Zhang et al. Joint and accurate OSNR estimation and modulation format identification scheme using the feature-based ANN. IEEE Photonics J., 11, 7204211(2019).

[39] Z. Wan, Z. Yu, L. Shu et al. Multitask learning-based optical performance monitor for modulation format adaptive M-QAM. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics(2020).

[40] F. Khan, K. Zhong, X. Zhou et al. Joint OSNR monitoring and modulation format identification in digital coherent receivers using deep neural networks. Opt. Express, 25, 17767(2017).

[41] Y. Cheng, S. Fu, M. Tang et al. Multi-task deep neural network (MT-DNN) enabled optical performance monitoring from directly detected PDM-QAM signals. Opt. Express, 27, 19062(2019).

[42] A. Yi, L. Yan, H. Liu et al. Modulation format identification and OSNR monitoring using density distributions in Stokes axes for digital coherent receivers. Opt. Express, 27, 4471(2019).

[43] J. Zhang, Y. Li, S. Hu et al. Joint modulation format identification and OSNR monitoring using cascaded neural network with transfer learning. IEEE Photonics J., 13, 7200910(2021).

[44] Y. Cheng, W. Zhang, S. Fu et al. Transfer learning simplified multi-task deep neural network for PDM-64QAM optical performance monitoring. Opt. Express, 28, 7607(2020).

[45] C. Wang, S. Fu, Z. Xiao et al. Long short-term memory neural network (LSTM-NN) enabled accurate optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring. J. Light. Technol., 37, 4140(2019).

[46] C. Wang, S. Fu, H. Wu et al. Joint OSNR and CD monitoring in digital coherent receiver using long short-term memory neural network. Opt. Express, 27, 6936(2019).

[47] J. Diniz, Q. Fan, S. Ranzini et al. Low-complexity carrier phase recovery based on principal component analysis for square-QAM modulation formats. Opt. Express, 27, 15617(2019).

[48] Q. Xiang, Y. Yang, Q. Zhang et al. Joint, accurate and robust optical signal-to-noise ratio and modulation format monitoring scheme using a single Stokes-parameter-based artificial neural network. Opt. Express, 29, 7276(2021).

[49] B. Szafraniec, B. Nebendahl, T. Marshall. Polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space. Opt. Express, 18, 17928(2010).

[50] H. He, L. Jiang, Y. Pan et al. Integrated sensing and communication in an optical fibre. Light Sci. Appl., 12, 25(2023).

[51] D. Liang, J. B. Bowers. Recent progress in heterogeneous III-V-on-silicon photonic integration. Light Adv. Manuf., 2, 5(2021).