[2] [2] URDA P, MUNOZ S, ACEITUNO J F, et al. Wheel-rail contact force measurement using strain gauges and distance lasers on a scaled railway vehicle［J］. Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 2020, 138:106555.

[6] [6] REN S Q, HE K M, GIRSHICK R, et al. Faster R-CNN: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks［J］. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2017, 39(6):1137-1149.

[7] [7] LIU W, ANGUELOV D, ERHAN D, et al. SSD: single shot multi box detector［C］//European Conference on Computer Vision, October 8-16, 2016, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Cham: Springer, 2016:21-37.

[8] [8] REDMON J, DIVVALA S, GIRSHICK R, et al. You only look once: unified real-time object detection［C］//IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recgnition, June 27-30, 2016, Las Vegas, NV, USA. New York: IEEE, 2016:779-788.

[9] [9] CUI L, JIANG X, XU M, et al. SDDNet: a fast and accurate network for surface defect detection［J］. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2021, 70:1-13.

[12] [12] WANG C Y, BOCHKOVSKIY A, LIAO H Y. YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors［EB/OL］. (2022-06-06)［2023-08-06］. http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.02696.

[13] [13] HOWARD A, SANDLER M, CHEN B, et al. Searching for MobileNetV3［C］//2019 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, October 27-November 2, 2019, Seoul, Korea. New York: IEEE, 2019:1314-1324.

[14] [14] ZHU L, WANG X, KE Z, et al. BiFormer: vision transformer with bi-level routing attention［C］//2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 17-24, 2023. Vancouver, BC, Canada. New York: IEEE, 2023:10323-10333.

[15] [15] QYAN Y, ZHANG D, ZHANG L, et al. Centralized feature pyramid for object detection［J］. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2023, 32(6):4341-4354.

[16] [16] TONG Z J, CHEN Y H, XU Z W, et al. Wise-IoU: Bounding box regression loss with dynamic focusing me chanism［EB/OL］. (2023-01-24)［2024-04-27］. https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10051.