Fig. 1. Depth-energy calibration curve^[14]

Fig. 2. Delamination of the Lithium-containing portion of a sample^[17]

Fig. 3. Structural diagram of NDP device (a) and snapshot of NDP setup (b) in CARR^{[26, 31]}

Fig. 4. NIST-NDP device (a) and internal chamber components (b)^[13]

Fig. 5. Schematic of FMR Ⅱ-NDP device^[34]

Fig. 6. Structural and principle diagram of the detector^[40]

Fig. 7. Distribution of ⁶Li in samples^[40]

Fig. 8. Setup of NDP measuring device^[45]

Fig. 9. NDP measuring device, battery structure and measured depth distribution^[46]

Fig. 10. Principle diagram of the NDP measurement with a single solid-state detector^[49]

Fig. 11. Voltage-current curves at various current densities, NDP measurement values during the electroplating-stripping processes, and charge curves^[51]

Fig. 12. Voltage curve, charge curve and NDP curve during cycling at different current densities^[54]