Fig. 1. Schematic of HF etching SMF cladding. (a) Diagram of cladding corroded by HF; (b) OM image of the etched area

Fig. 2. Optical deposition method. (a) Schematic diagram of optical deposition Ti₃C₂T_x MXene; (b) schematic diagram of evanescent wave coupling effect in optical fibers

Fig. 3. Device characterization of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene. (a) Raman spectrogram of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene; (b) nonlinear transmission characteristics of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene device

Fig. 4. Schematic of fiber ring mode-locked laser based on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene

Fig. 5. Relationship between the average output power and the pump power of all-fiber laser

Fig. 6. Mode-locking performance of the bright pulse. (a) Output pulse trains; (b) optical spectrum; (c) autocorrelation curve;

Fig. 7. Output properties of the dark pulses. (a) Output pulse trains; (b) optical spectrum; (c) figure of the single dark pulse;(d) spectrum diagram;

Fig. 8. Output properties of the dark-bright pulse pairs. (a) Output pulse pair; (b) optical spectrum