Nondestructive Identification and Gender Characterization of Human Nails Based on Molecular Spectroscopy Analysis

Ruiyang Tang; Zhiyu Wang; Jifen Wang; Xiaojie Xu; Di Zhou; Xuejun Shi

doi:10.3788/LOP220728

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 5, 0530003(2023)

Nondestructive Identification and Gender Characterization of Human Nails Based on Molecular Spectroscopy Analysis

Ruiyang Tang¹, Zhiyu Wang¹, Jifen Wang^1、*, Xiaojie Xu², Di Zhou², and Xuejun Shi²

Author Affiliations

¹School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 102600, China

²Forensic Expertise Center of Beijing Customs Anti-Smuggling Bureau, Beijing 100000, China

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Figures & Tables(12)

Fig. 1. Infrared spectra of 120 fingernail samples

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Fig. 2. Spectra of different samples. (a) Infrared spectra of nails in different positions of volunteer No. 7; (b) infrared spectra of different fingernail samples of volunteer No. 1

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Fig. 3. Infrared spectra of samples. (a) Infrared spectra of 5 male nail samples; (b) infrared spectra of 5 female nail samples; (c) infrared spectra of mixed nail samples

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Fig. 4. Eigenvalues based on PCA method

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Fig. 5. Flowchart of the PSO-BP neural network

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Fig. 6. Prediction results based on PSO-BP neural network

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Fig. 7. Fitting results based on PSO-BP neural network. (a) Training set; (b) validation set; (c) test set; (d) population set

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Fig. 8. Gender prediction and recognition results based on MLP neural network

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Fig. 9. Gender prediction and recognition results based on BP neural network

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Table 1. Peak and band information of infrared spectrum

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Table 1. Peak and band information of infrared spectrum

Wavenumber /cm^-1	Mode of vibration
3300	carboxyl acid and derivatives, O—H stretching
2800-2900	C—H symmetric stretching
1639	C—O stretch and small contribution from NH bend, amide I band
1500	amide Ⅱ, C—N stretch and N—H in plane bend
1300	amide Ⅲ, N—H in plane bending, O—C—N bend, C—N stretch
1250	amide Ⅲ, N—H in plane bending, O—C—N bend, C—N stretch

Table 2. PCA results of sample spectra
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Table 2. PCA results of sample spectra
Component Eigenvalue Cumulative variance /%
1 113.415 93.731
2 5.364 98.165
3 1.014 98.991
4 0.541 99.439
5 0.187 99.593
6 0.169 99.733
7 0.093 99.809
8 0.064 99.863
9 0.052 99.906
10 0.028 99.929
11 0.018 99.944
12 0.017 99.958

Table 3. Recognition rates of samples by different models
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Table 3. Recognition rates of samples by different models
Method Total number of samples Number of correctly classified samples Training set /% Test set /%
FDA 120 86 71.7 66.7
MLP 120 109 91.4 88.9

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Ruiyang Tang, Zhiyu Wang, Jifen Wang, Xiaojie Xu, Di Zhou, Xuejun Shi. Nondestructive Identification and Gender Characterization of Human Nails Based on Molecular Spectroscopy Analysis[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(5): 0530003

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