Fig. 1. Polarization states display on the Poincaré sphere

Fig. 2. Structural unit and design flowchart of the metasurface diffraction grating. (a) Nanopillar structural units of metasurface diffraction gratings; (b) design process of the metasurface diffraction grating

Fig. 3. Scanning results of phase and transmissivity in the metasurface parameter library. (a) Phase scanning results of nanopillars in the x-direction; (b) transmissivity scanning results of nanopillars in the x-direction; (c) phase scanning results of nanopillars in the y-direction; (d) transmissivity scanning results of nanopillars in the y-direction

Fig. 4. Diagram of simulated structural unit of the metasurface diffraction grating

Fig. 5. Diagrams and simulation results of three designed metasurface sample configurations. (a)(d) Metasurface and FDTD simulation results of planar configuration; (b)(e) metasurface and FDTD simulation results of tetrahedral configuration; (c)(f) metasurface and FDTD simulation results for regular tetrahedral configuration

Fig. 6. Detection optical path of completely polarized light using the metasurface

Fig. 7. Experiment results of 1550 nm light source. (a) DOP error and (b) linear polarization angle error of linear polarized light; (c) DOP error, (d) azimuth error, and (e) ellipse error of elliptical polarized light

Fig. 8. Polarization detection results of samples 2 and 3 at 1540 nm, 1550 nm, and 1560 nm. (a) Polarization detection results of sample 2; (b) polarization detection results of sample 3