Fig. 1. Hummers method for preparing GO

Fig. 2. Phase transition with concentration of GO （a）， VMT （b）， phosphate（c） liquid crystal.

Fig. 3. （a） Illustration of the electric field-induced rotation torque on a nanosheet； （b） Anti-nematic alignment of Beidellite nanosheet under the electric field.

Fig. 4. Electro-optic characteristics of aqueous GO dispersion. （a） Electro-optic performances of GO dispersion after adding NaOH； （b） Field-induced birefringence of different GO size and concentration.

Fig. 5. Different behaviors of ZrP nanosheets under low and high frequency. （a） Nanosheets aligned parallel to the electric field； （b） Layered structure were destroyed by 1 Hz electric field.

Fig. 6. （a） Vertical alignment of MXene nanosheets under the electric field； （b） Kerr coefficient of 2D-VMT； （c） PFM amplitude maps of 2D VMT scanned after writing a heart pattern by applying a DC bias.

Fig. 7. Basic composition and axis of the two-dimensional nano liquid crystal

Fig. 8. Orientation of titanates nanosheets is changed by ultraviolet light under the magnetic field

Fig. 9. Modulating deep ultraviolet light by oriented CTO in a magnetic field

Fig. 10. h-BN nanosheets are uniformly oriented under the synergistic effect of a magnetic field and shear force

Fig. 11. Shear force causes GO and clay nanosheets to form an ordered structure

Fig. 12. （a） Shear force generated by volatilization causes zeolite nanosheets to form an ordered orientation； （b） Enhancing the orientation of graphene nanosheets through multi-layer shearing.

Fig. 13. （a） GO using in display； （b） GO for reflective display； （c） TiP for reflective display.

Fig. 14. Clay-based lyotropic liquid crystal for high sensitivity strain sensor

Fig. 15. （a） Schematic illustration of the proposed humidity response mechanism of the MXene-based hydrogel； （b） Humidity sensitive response curve of the MXene hydrogel sensor； （c）MXene hydrogel humidity response under 100% tensile strain.

Fig. 16. Areal capacitance of different thickness MXene films

Fig. 17. Deformation characteristics of titanate gel by horizontal （a） and vertical （b） shear force

Fig. 18. Asymmetric deformation of the NR gel in response to shear forces applied at the top of the gel

Fig. 19. Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the high tensile strength materials

Fig. 20. Two dimensional nano LC for realizing photo-responsive multi gait devices

Fig. 21. Two-dimensional nano liquid crystals are used to achieve programmed directional motion

Fig. 22. GO used for artificial actuator fiber