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Photonics Research, Volume. 8, Issue 9, A25(2020)

Influence of mixed organic cations on the nonlinear optical properties of lead tri-iodide perovskites

Xuanyu Zhang1, Shuyu Xiao2, Ruxue Li1, Tingchao He2,5、*, Guichuan Xing3,6、*, and Rui Chen1,4,7、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • 2College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • 3Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • 5e-mail: tche@szu.edu.cn
  • 6e-mail: gcxing@um.edu.mo
  • 7e-mail: chenr@sustech.edu.cn
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    (a) XRD patterns and (b) normalized ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra of organic–inorganic perovskite MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8); inset is the SEM image of MA0.2FA0.8PbI3.

    Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns and (b) normalized ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra of organic–inorganic perovskite MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8); inset is the SEM image of MA0.2FA0.8PbI3.

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    (a) OA Z-scan results for MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) at 1.0 GW/cm2; (b) OA Z-scan results for MA0.2FA0.8PbI3 at I0=1.0 GW/cm2 (squares); 1.5 GW/cm2 (circles); and 3.0 GW/cm2 (diamonds).

    Fig. 2. (a) OA Z-scan results for MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) at 1.0  GW/cm2; (b) OA Z-scan results for MA0.2FA0.8PbI3 at I0=1.0  GW/cm2 (squares); 1.5  GW/cm2 (circles); and 3.0  GW/cm2 (diamonds).

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    (a) fs-TA spectra of MA0.2FA0.8PbI3 at different probe-delayed times following the 1300 nm laser excitation with an energy density of 2.0 GW/cm2. (b) Kinetic profiles of 775 nm bleaching recovery. Inset is a schematic of proposed band structure of MA0.2FA0.8PbI3, showing the dual VBs that give rise to the photoinduced bleaching at 486 and 775 nm.

    Fig. 3. (a) fs-TA spectra of MA0.2FA0.8PbI3 at different probe-delayed times following the 1300 nm laser excitation with an energy density of 2.0  GW/cm2. (b) Kinetic profiles of 775 nm bleaching recovery. Inset is a schematic of proposed band structure of MA0.2FA0.8PbI3, showing the dual VBs that give rise to the photoinduced bleaching at 486 and 775 nm.

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    (a) Doping concentration x-dependent nonlinear absorption coefficient β and saturation intensity Isat for MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8); (b) excitation-intensity-dependent normalized transmittance for MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8).

    Fig. 4. (a) Doping concentration x-dependent nonlinear absorption coefficient β and saturation intensity Isat for MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8); (b) excitation-intensity-dependent normalized transmittance for MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8).

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    (a), (b) Structure of MA (methylammonium) and FA (formamidinium) cations. Unit cell structure of (c) MAPbI3 and (d) FAPbI3. Iodine (purple) at cell corners, carbon (black), nitrogen (brown), and hydrogen (light green). NH–I hydrogen bonds are shown as blue lines.

    Fig. 5. (a), (b) Structure of MA (methylammonium) and FA (formamidinium) cations. Unit cell structure of (c) MAPbI3 and (d) FAPbI3. Iodine (purple) at cell corners, carbon (black), nitrogen (brown), and hydrogen (light green). NH–I hydrogen bonds are shown as blue lines.

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    • Table 1. Calculated Nonlinear Optical Parameters of MA1−xFAxPbI3 and Other Materials Reported Elsewhere

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      Table 1. Calculated Nonlinear Optical Parameters of MA1−xFAxPbI3 and Other Materials Reported Elsewhere

      MaterialExcitation Wavelength (nm)β (cm/MW)Isat (GW/cm2)Ref.
      CsPbBr3 (QDs)800 (fs)−1.71×10−3–[7]
      MAPbBr3 (QDs)4.18×10−3–
      MAPbX3532 (ns)0.5800[11]
      MAPbI3514 (fs)18.5–[12]
      1028 (fs)110–
      Au (NP array)800 (fs)0.588210[15]
      Alkoxy phthalocyanines1.5–[16]
      GaAs1680 (fs)2.5×10−3–[26]
      Pt (NPs)532 (ns)3.2×10−21.1×10−3[27]
      CsPbBr3 (NCs)800 (fs)9.7×10−5–[28]
      MAPbI3 (SC)8.6×10−3–[29]
      MAPbI31064 (fs)−2.0312.61[30]
      C6H5CH2NH3PbBr3 (microdisks)800 (fs)1.4×10−684.3[31]
      FAPbBr3 (NCs)800 (fs)4.2×10−6–[32]
      MA1−xFAxPbI3800 (fs)18.7–13.2125.8–157.1This work
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    Xuanyu Zhang, Shuyu Xiao, Ruxue Li, Tingchao He, Guichuan Xing, Rui Chen, "Influence of mixed organic cations on the nonlinear optical properties of lead tri-iodide perovskites," Photonics Res. 8, A25 (2020)

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    Paper Information

    Special Issue: PEROVSKITE PHOTONICS

    Received: Jun. 1, 2020

    Accepted: Jul. 1, 2020

    Published Online: Aug. 18, 2020

    The Author Email: Tingchao He (tche@szu.edu.cn), Guichuan Xing (gcxing@um.edu.mo), Rui Chen (chenr@sustech.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.398975

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology