To improve the performance of hydrogen fuel cell ejectors，the structure and working principle of ejector are systematically analyzed. The classification and characteristics of ejector are described based on gas phase state，nozzle structure，nozzle number，distribution level，and ejection fluid mixing characteristics. Based on this，the future development direction of ejectors is predicted. The analysis results indicate that new structures and technologies such as multi-stage ejector，multi nozzle ejectors，swirl ejectors，and variable geometry ejectors can be adopted，and the problem of poor adaptability to variable operating conditions of ejectors can be solved by optimizing the intelligent control strategy of ejectors. During the design and development process of the ejector，numerical calculations and structural design should be based on actual gas composition and operating parameters to reduce water vapor condensation and ensure the ejector' s ejection performance. With the increasing demand for energy conservation and environmental protection and the development of emerging technologies，the research on ejector is showing a trend of interdisciplinary integration of fluid mechanics，materials science，and intelligent control.