Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, Volume. 53, Issue 8, 2184(2025)
Large Wind Turbine Blade Low-Carbon Recycling Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
[1] [1] SPINI F, BETTINI P. End-of-Life wind turbine blades: Review on recycling strategies[J]. Compos Part B Eng, 2024, 275: 111290.
[2] [2] CHENG M, ZHU Y. The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies: A review[J]. Energy Convers Manag, 2014, 88: 332-347.
[3] [3] FENG Y, LIN H Y, HO S L, et al. Overview of wind power generation in China: Status and development[J]. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2015, 50: 847-858.
[9] [9] PIETROLUONGO M, PADOVANO E, FRACHE A, et al. Mechanical recycling of an end-of-life automotive composite component[J]. Sustain Mater Technol, 2020, 23: e00143.
[12] [12] KOUPARITSAS C E, KARTALIS C N, VARELIDIS P C, et al. Recycling of the fibrous fraction of reinforced thermoset composites[J]. Polym Compos, 2002, 23(4): 682-689.
[13] [13] MAMANPUSH S H, LI H, ENGLUND K, et al. Recycled wind turbine blades as a feedstock for second generation composites[J]. Waste Manag, 2018, 76: 708-714.
[14] [14] YAZDANBAKHSH A, BANK L C, RIEDER K A, et al. Concrete with discrete slender elements from mechanically recycled wind turbine blades[J]. Resour Conserv Recycl, 2018, 128: 11-21.
[15] [15] COLUCCI G, OSTROVSKAYA O, FRACHE A, et al. The effect of mechanical recycling on the microstructure and properties of PA66 composites reinforced with carbon fibers[J]. J Appl Polym Sci, 2015, 132(29): 42275.
[16] [16] JOB S. Recycling glass fibre reinforced composites-history and progress[J]. Reinf Plast, 2013, 57(5): 19-23.
[18] [18] PAKDEL E, KASHI S M, VARLEY R, et al. Recent progress in recycling carbon fibre reinforced composites and dry carbon fibre wastes[J]. Resour Conserv Recycl, 2021, 166: 105340.
[19] [19] SUYAMA K, KUBOTA M, SHIRAI M, et al. Degradation of crosslinked unsaturated polyesters in sub-critical water[J]. Polym Degrad Stab, 2007, 92(2): 317-322.
[20] [20] AHRENS A, BONDE A, SUN H, et al. Catalytic disconnection of C-O bonds in epoxy resins and composites[J]. Nature, 2023, 617(7962): 730-737.
[21] [21] CLARKE R W, ROGNERUD E G, PUENTE-URBINA A, et al. Manufacture and testing of biomass-derivable thermosets for wind blade recycling[J]. Science, 2024, 385(6711): 854-860.
[22] [22] ZHANG N, WU S D, WANG C Z, et al. Efficient catalytic degradation of anhydride-cured epoxy resin by amphiphilic molecule catalysts[J]. Green Chem, 2022, 24(19): 7395-7402.
[23] [23] ZHANG N, CUI X J, WANG C Z, et al. Degradation of vinyl ester resin and its compositesviacleavage of ester bonds to recycle valuable chemicals and produce polyurethane[J]. Waste Manag, 2023, 155: 260-268.
[24] [24] ZHAO X, ZHAO X, AN W L, et al. Reconstruction of new high-performance epoxy thermoset based on the full utilization of the degradation products of waste epoxy thermoset[J]. J Environ Chem Eng, 2023, 11(3): 110032.
[25] [25] WANG C Z, ZHANG N, WU S D, et al. Efficient degradation of amine cured epoxy resinviathe cleavage of C-N bond by amphiphilic dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid[J]. Compos Sci Technol, 2024, 248: 110442.
[26] [26] LIU L L, LIU X H, LI X H, et al. An integrative chemical recycling approach for catalytic oxidation of epoxy resin andin situseparation of degraded products[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63(26): e202405912.
[27] [27] XU N D, WANG B L, AN Z Q, et al. -Ray-sensitive motif-driven versatile epoxy thermoset: Highly efficient radiation degradation, intrinsic flame resistance and sustainable synthesis[J]. Chem Eng J, 2022, 450: 138151.
[28] [28] YAO Y, ZHAO F, WANG B L, et al. The designing of degradable unsaturated polyester based on selective cleavage activated hydrolysis and its application in recyclable carbon fiber composites[J]. Compos Sci Technol, 2022, 229: 109692.
[29] [29] XU N D, WANG B L, AN Z Q, et al. Complete degradation of a high-performance epoxy thermoset enabled by -ray-sensitive motifs based on the cascaded synergetic strategy[J]. Chem Mater, 2022, 34(10): 4732-4740.
[30] [30] YAO Y, WANG B L, ZHAO F, et al. Degradable and recyclable unsaturated polyester resin based on the selective cleavage of a hindered C-O bond[J]. ACS Appl Polym Mater, 2022, 4(2): 999-1009.
[31] [31] SHEN Y B, XU N D, ADRARO Y A, et al. Imine or secondary amine-derived degradable polyaminal: Low-cost matrix resin with high performance[J]. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng, 2020, 8(4): 1943-1953.
[32] [32] LIU Y Y, LU F, WAN J J, et al. Recyclable tough thermosets with an imide-hexahydrotriazine structure[J]. Polym Chem, 2022, 13(21): 3063-3075.
[33] [33] LIU Y L, WANG B B, MA S Q, et al. Catalyst-free malleable, degradable, bio-based epoxy thermosets and its application in recyclable carbon fiber composites[J]. Compos Part B Eng, 2021, 211: 108654.
[34] [34] YU Z, MA S Q, TANG Z B, et al. Amino acids as latent curing agents and their application in fully bio-based epoxy resins[J]. Green Chem, 2021, 23(17): 6566-6575.
[35] [35] QIU J F, MA S Q, WANG S, et al. Upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate to continuously reprocessable vitrimers through reactive extrusion[J]. Macromolecules, 2021, 54(2): 703-712.
[36] [36] WANG B B, MA S Q, XU X W, et al. High-performance, biobased, degradable polyurethane thermoset and its application in readily recyclable carbon fiber composites[J]. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng, 2020, 8(30): 11162-11170.
[37] [37] LI Q, MA S Q, WANG S, et al. Green and facile preparation of readily dual-recyclable thermosetting polymers with superior stability based on asymmetric acetal[J]. Macromolecules, 2020, 53(4): 1474-1485.
[38] [38] DU S, YANG S Q, WANG B B, et al. Acetal-thiol click-like reaction: Facile and efficient synthesis of dynamic dithioacetals and recyclable polydithioacetals[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63(31): e202405653.
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
WANG Baolong, LI Chengliang, CHEN Chun, XU Jun, HU Zhen, YANG Bin. Large Wind Turbine Blade Low-Carbon Recycling Technology: Challenges and Opportunities[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025, 53(8): 2184
Special Issue:
Received: Dec. 30, 2024
Accepted: Sep. 5, 2025
Published Online: Sep. 5, 2025
The Author Email: LI Chengliang (lichl@sinomatech.com)