Fig. 1. Principle of STORM, PALM, and FPALM[17]

Fig. 2. Schematic and images of 3D-STORM[19]. (a) Scheme of 3D-STORM structure; (b) 3D-STORM image(z-direction depth is represented by color); (c)-(e) x-y, (d) x-z, (e) y-z cross-sections of the cell outlined in 3D-STORM image

Fig. 3. Scheme of dual-objective STORM[29]

Fig. 4. Principle diagram of time-frequency mapping imaging

Fig. 5. Images of mouse C2C12 cells[40]. (a) Conventional wide-field image; (b) 3D-SIM image

Fig. 6. Diagram of the principle of SIM[38-39]

Fig. 7. SIM image and (b) SMLM image of HEK293 cells; (c) details corresponding to Fig.7(a); (d) details corresponding to Fig.7(b); (e) imaging effect of combination of SIM and SMLM[51]

Fig. 8. Scheme of SPIM[55]

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of DSLM[6]

Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of RSLM[57]

Fig. 11. Super resolution principle of STED[66]. (a) Molecules transition; (b) position of the donut center (green), under STED illumination (red); (c) for intensities of the STED light (red) equaling or in excess of the threshold intensity Is, molecules are effectively switched “off”

Fig. 12. STED nanoscopy in living mouse brain and local enlarged image[70]

Fig. 13. 3D-STED nanoscopy of a living hippocampal brain slice (mouse) [78]

Fig. 14. 114000 “donuts” recorded by RESOLFT nanoscopy within two seconds[86]

Fig. 15. Schematic of SPoD[11]

Fig. 16. Schematic of SDOM[97]

Fig. 17. Setup of polar-dSTORM [12]