Fig. 1. Principle diagram of SLM processing

Fig. 2. SEM images of 316L-NiB alloys formed by SLM process (f=20 Hz; N=20). (a) τ=2 ms, E_p=3.47 J; (b)(c) τ=2 ms, E_p=2.45 J; (d) τ=4 ms, E_p=4.06 J^[22]

Fig. 3. Surface profiles of 316L-NiB samples formed by SLM process. (a) f=20 Hz, E_p=3.86 J, τ=3 ms; (b) f=40 Hz, E_p=1.58 J, τ=2 ms^[22]

Fig. 4. Macrograph of formed porous material^[23]

Fig. 5. Grain structures under SEM^[23]

Fig. 6. Inclination angle γ between SLM specimen and substrate^[28]

Fig. 7. Fracture morphologies after tensile tests at room temperature. (a)-(c) Cast; (d)-(f) samples formed by SLM with inclination angle of 90°; (g)-(i) samples after heat-treatment at 723 K^[28]

Fig. 8. Knee implants with porous solid structures deposited on dissimilar-material substrate^[31]

Fig. 9. Cu-4.3%Sn etched by Klemm's I reagent under optical microscope^[36]

Fig. 10. Stress-strain curves for Cu-10Sn bronze formed by SLM and cast at room temperature, where inset is Cu-10Sn bronze propeller fabricated by SLM^[38]

Fig. 11. (a) SLM process; (b) different orientations of cylinder on substrate as shown in Fig. 11(a); (c) geometric parameters of specimens for tensile tests^[41]

Fig. 12. Aviation rotating shaft component^[44]

Fig. 13. Complex aviation components formed by SLM^[45]

Fig. 14. Surgical spine guide-plate formed by SLM^[46]

Fig. 15. Knee joint implant formed by SLM^[47]

Fig. 16. SEM images of Co-Cr-alloy cardiovascular stents formed by SLM. (a)(b) P_peak=180 W, t=100 μs; (c)(d) P_peak=40 W, t=120 μs^[48]

Fig. 17. (a) Ti-6Al-4V powder; (b) CAD model; (c) SLM process; (d) manufactured model^[49]

Fig. 18. (a) CAD design model; (b) alloy implant formed by SLM and substrate components; (c) implant specimen after polishing^[50]

Fig. 19. Porous implants used in living animal experiments and arrows indicate building orientation. (a) P300 plate; (b) P600 plate; (c) P900 plate; (d) P300 cylinder; (e) P600 cylinder; (f) P900 cylinder^[51]

Fig. 20. Specimens formed by SLM^[52]

Fig. 21. Die casting mold formed by SLM^[53]

Fig. 22. CAD-models of optimized bionic structure and its support structure^[55]

Fig. 23. Free-assembly universal joint formed by SLM^[57]

Fig. 24. Diagram of SLM process with high-speed camera monitor^[61]