[1] [1] SADDIQUEZ, IMRANM, JAVAIDA, et al. Bismuth-basednanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 52: 594-611.

[2] [2] REZA M S, AHMAD N B H, AFROZE S, et al. Hydrogen production from water splitting through photocatalytic activity of carbon-based materials[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2023, 46(3): 420-434.

[3] [3] YU Y, HUANG H. Coupled adsorption and photocatalysis of g-C3N4 based composites: Material synthesis, mechanism, and environmental applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 453: 139755.

[4] [4] PRASAD C, MADKHALI N, GOVINDA V, et al. Recent progress on the development of g-C3N4 based composite material and their photocatalytic application of CO2 reductions[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023, 11(3): 109727.

[5] [5] WANG Q, LI Y, HUANG F, et al. Recent advances in g-C3N4-based materials and their application in energy and environmental sustainability[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(1): 432.

[6] [6] BAIRAMIS F, RAPTI I, KONSTANTINOU I.g-C3N4 based Z-scheme photocatalysts for environmental pollutants removal[J]. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2023, 40: 100749.

[8] [8] RAHA S, AHMARUZZAMAN M. Enhanced performance of a novel superparamagnetic g-C3N4/NiO/ZnO/Fe3O4 nanohybrid photocatalyst for removal of esomeprazole: Effects of reaction parameters, co-existing substances and water matrices[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 395: 124969.

[9] [9] JIANG Y, XI H, LI L, et al. Mechanism of action of the heterojunction structure of the photocatalyst ZnO-g-C3N4@TiO2 and its application to the degradation of acetaminophen[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2023, 445: 115010.

[10] [10] WANG X C, BLECHERT S, ANTONIETTI M. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride for heterogeneous photocatalysis[J]. Acs Catalysis, 2012, 2 (8): 1596-1606.

[11] [11] TETER D M, HEMLEY RUSSELL J. Low-compressibility carbon nitrides[J]. Science, 1996, 271(5245): 53-55.

[12] [12] MOHAMED N A, ISMAIL A F, SAFAEI J, et al. Gamma irradiation-induced elemental O/N co-doping and structural reinforcement in g-C3N4 photo-electrocatalyst[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2023, 616: 156615.

[13] [13] MO C, ZHOU L, ZHENG J, et al. Efficient photodegradation of antibiotics by g-C3N4 and 3D flower-like Bi2WO6 perovskite structure: Insights into the preparation, evaluation, and potential mechanism[J]. Chemosphere, 2024, 359: 142286.

[14] [14] LI Y, REN Z, HE Z, et al. Crystallinity-defect matching relationship of g-C3N4: Experimental and theoretical perspectives[J]. Green Energy & Environment, 2024, 9(4): 623-658.

[15] [15] TAKANABE, KAZUHIRO. Photocatalytic water splitting: quantitative approaches toward photocatalyst by design[J]. Acs Catalysis, 2017, 7 (11): 8006-8022.

[16] [16] REDDY N S, VIJITHA R, NAIDU B R, et al. Benchmarking recent advances in hydrogen production using g-C3N4-based photocatalysts[J]. Nano Energy, 2023, 111: 108402.

[17] [17] LIU Y, TAYYAB M, PEI W, et al. The precision defect engineering with nonmetallic element refilling strategy in g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. Small, 2023, 19(21): 2208117.

[18] [18] SHANG Y, LIU T, CHEN G, et al. Facile synthesis of ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets modified with N-doped carbon dots: enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity and mechanism insight[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(93): 36377-36388.

[19] [19] SHOJI S, PENG X, YAMAGUCHI A, et al. Photocatalytic uphill conversion of natural gas beyond the limitation of thermal reaction systems[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2020, 3(2): 148-153.

[20] [20] CHEN F, YANG H, WANG X, et al. Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic H2-evolution performance of NiS2-modified g-C3N4 photocatalysts[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2017, 38(2): 296-304.

[21] [21] LU Y, CHU D, ZHU M, et al. Exfoliated carbon nitride nanosheets decorated with NiS as an efficient noble-metal-free visible-light-driven photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2015, 17(26): 17355-17361.

[22] [22] ZENG D, WU P, ONG W J, et al. Construction of network-like and flower-like 2H-MoSe2 nanostructures coupled with porous g-C3N4 for noble-metal-free photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 233: 26-34.

[23] [23] KULKARNI A A, BHANAGE B M. Ag@AgCl nanomaterial synthesis using sugar cane juice and its application in degradation of azo dyes[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014, 2(4): 1007-1013.

[24] [24] ZENG J, LEE J Y. Effects of preparation conditions on performance of carbon-supported nanosize Pt-Co catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation under acidic conditions[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 140 (2): 268-273.

[25] [25] ZHU Y, WANG T, XU T, et al. Size effect of Pt co-catalyst on photocatalytic efficiency of g-C3N4 for hydrogen evolution[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 464: 36-42.

[26] [26] PATNAIK S, MARTHA S, MADRAS G, et al. The effect of sulfate pretreatment to improve the deposition of Au-nanoparticles in a goldmodified sulfated g-C3N4 plasmonic photocatalyst towards visible light induced water reduction reaction[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016, 18(41): 28502-28514.

[27] [27] ZHANG Y, LIGTHART D A J M, QUEK X Y, et al. Influence of Rh nanoparticle size and composition on the photocatalytic water splitting performance of Rh/graphitic carbon nitride[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(22): 11537-11546.

[28] [28] HAN C, LU Y, ZHANG J, et al. Novel PtCo alloy nanoparticle decorated 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution under visible light irradiation[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(46): 23274-23282.

[29] [29] HAN C, WU L, GE L, et al. AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride for highly efficient reduction of water to H2 under visible light irradiation[J]. Carbon, 2015, 92: 31-40.

[30] [30] JIANG J, YU J, CAO S. Au/PtO nanoparticle-modified g-C3N4 for plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2016, 461: 56-63.

[31] [31] CAO S W, YUAN Y P, FANG J, et al.In-situgrowth of CdS quantum dots on g-C3N4 nanosheets for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38(3): 1258-1266.

[32] [32] GE L, HAN C, XIAO X, et al. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of sulfur-doped polymeric g-C3N4 photocatalysts[J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, 48(10): 3919-3925.

[33] [33] WANG J, WANG G, WANG X, et al. 3D/2D direct Z-scheme heterojunctions of hierarchical TiO2 microflowers/g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic H2 evolution[J]. Carbon, 2019, 149: 618-626.

[34] [34] LI Y, LI F, WANG X, et al. Z-scheme electronic transfer of quantumsized -Fe2O3 modified g-C3N4 hybrids for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(47): 28327-28336.

[35] [35] GUO N, ZENG Y, LI H, et al. Novel mesoporous TiO2@g-C3N4 hollow core@shell heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for water treatment and H2 production under simulated sunlight[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018, 353: 80-88.

[36] [36] QIAN X B, PENG W, HUANG J H. Fluorescein-sensitized Au/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light[J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 2018, 102: 362-368.

[37] [37] HAN C, GAO Y, LIU S, et al. Facile synthesis of AuPd/g-C3N4 nanocomposite: an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(36): 22765-22775.

[38] [38] OU M, WAN S, ZHONG Q, et al. Single Pt atoms deposition on g-C3N4 nanosheets for photocatalytic H2 evolution or NO oxidation under visible light[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(44): 27043-27054.

[39] [39] WU M, YAN J M, ZHANG X W, et al. Ag2O modified g-C3N4 for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(30): 15710-15714.

[40] [40] CAO J, FAN H, WANG C, et al. Facile synthesis of carbon self-doped g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(6): 7888-7895.

[41] [41] ZHOU Y, ZHANG L, HUANG W, et al. N-doped graphitic carbon-incorporated g-C3N4 for remarkably enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light[J]. Carbon, 2016, 99: 111-117.

[42] [42] SUN S, LI J, CUI J, et al. Simultaneously engineering K-doping and exfoliation into graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(2): 778-787.

[43] [43] GUO S, DENG Z, LI M, et al. Phosphorus-doped carbon nitride tubes with a layered micro-nanostructure for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2016, 55(5): 1830-1834.

[44] [44] CHEN P, XING P, CHEN Z, et al. Rapid and energy-efficient preparation of boron doped g-C3N4 with excellent performance in photocatalytic H2-evolution[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43 (43): 19984-19989.

[45] [45] GE J, LIU Y, JIANG D, et al. Integrating non-precious-metal cocatalyst Ni3N with g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production in water under visible-light irradiation[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2019, 40(2): 160-167.

[46] [46] FU J, XU Q, LOW J, et al. Ultrathin 2D/2D WO3/g-C3N4 step-scheme H2-production photocatalyst[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 243: 556-565.

[49] [49] HAO X, ZHOU J, CUI Z, et al. Zn-vacancy mediated electron-hole separation in ZnS/g-C3N4 heterojunction for efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 229: 41-51.

[50] [50] TAN Y, SHU Z, ZHOU J, et al. One-step synthesis of nanostructured g-C3N4/TiO2 composite for highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 230: 260-268.

[51] [51] ZANG Y, LI L, LI X, et al. Synergistic collaboration of g-C3N4/SnO2 composites for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 246: 277-286.

[52] [52] GUO Z, CAO H, WANG Y, et al. High activity of g-C3N4/multiwall carbon nanotube in catalytic ozonation promotes electro-peroxone process[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 201: 206-213.

[53] [53] LU C, CHEN X. Carbon nanotubes/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites for all-solid-state supercapacitors[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2020, 63(9): 1714-1720.

[54] [54] SONG L, KANG X, ZHANG S. CNT/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with enhanced hydrogen evolution ability for water splitting based on a noncovalent interaction[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2018, 42 (16): 1649-1656.

[55] [55] SHE X, WU J, XU H, et al. Enhancing charge density and steering charge unidirectional flow in 2D non-metallic semiconductor-CNTsmetal coupled photocatalyst for solar energy conversion[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 202: 112-117.

[56] [56] CHRISTOFORIDIS K C, SYRGIANNIS Z, LA P V, et al. Metal-free dual-phase full organic carbon nanotubes/g-C3N4 heteroarchitectures for photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. Nano Energy, 2018, 50: 468-478.