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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 3, 0331001(2025)

Effect of Li+/Al3+ Composite Electrolyte on Electrochromic Properties of WO3 Thin Films

Haobin Zheng1, Yan Tang1, Xinglong Zhou1, Xiufeng Tang1, Jiong Zhang2, and Shuangshuang Yuan1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong , China
  • 2School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529030, Guangdong , China
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    Characterization of WO3 films. (a) XRD spectra; (b) SEM surface morphology

    Fig. 1. Characterization of WO3 films. (a) XRD spectra; (b) SEM surface morphology

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    Transmittance spectra of WO3 films during electrochromic process under different proportions of Li+/Al3+ composite electrolyte and modulation rate at λ=550 nm. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) modulation rate at λ=550 nm

    Fig. 2. Transmittance spectra of WO3 films during electrochromic process under different proportions of Li+/Al3+ composite electrolyte and modulation rate at λ=550 nm. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) modulation rate at λ=550 nm

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    Chronocurrent curves of WO3 films under different proportions of Li+/Al3+ composite electrolyte and response time. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) response time

    Fig. 3. Chronocurrent curves of WO3 films under different proportions of Li+/Al3+ composite electrolyte and response time. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) response time

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    Memory characteristics of WO3 films with different proportions of Li+/Al3+ composite electrolyte and transmittance of colored WO3 films at 550 nm after open circuit 0 and 28 h. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) transmittance of colored WO3 films at 550 nm after open circuit 0 and 28 h

    Fig. 4. Memory characteristics of WO3 films with different proportions of Li+/Al3+ composite electrolyte and transmittance of colored WO3 films at 550 nm after open circuit 0 and 28 h. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) transmittance of colored WO3 films at 550 nm after open circuit 0 and 28 h

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    CV curves of WO3 films in composite electrolyte with different proportions of Li+/Al3+ at initial state and after 1000 CV cycles, charge density of WO3 films, charge ratio Qex/Qin and charge capacity loss. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) charge density of WO3 films; (g) charge ratio Qex/Qin; (h) charge capacity loss

    Fig. 5. CV curves of WO3 films in composite electrolyte with different proportions of Li+/Al3+ at initial state and after 1000 CV cycles, charge density of WO3 films, charge ratio Qex/Qin and charge capacity loss. (a) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶0; (b) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=3∶1; (c) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶1; (d) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=1∶3; (e) c(Li+)∶c(Al3+)=0∶1; (f) charge density of WO3 films; (g) charge ratio Qex/Qin; (h) charge capacity loss

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    • Table 1. Electrolyte preparation

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      Table 1. Electrolyte preparation

      Solution numberComposite ratio of LiClO4 and Al（ClO4）3Quality of LiClO4 /gQuality of Al（ClO4）3 /gPC volume /mL
      a1∶04.2556040
      b3∶13.19194.874740
      c1∶12.12789.749440
      d1∶31.063914.624140
      e0∶1019.498840
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    Haobin Zheng, Yan Tang, Xinglong Zhou, Xiufeng Tang, Jiong Zhang, Shuangshuang Yuan. Effect of Li+/Al3+ Composite Electrolyte on Electrochromic Properties of WO3 Thin Films[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(3): 0331001

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    Paper Information

    Category: Thin Films

    Received: Sep. 29, 2024

    Accepted: Nov. 6, 2024

    Published Online: Feb. 20, 2025

    The Author Email: Yuan Shuangshuang (yuanss2015@163.com)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS241606

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology