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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 1, 0130002(2025)

High Sensitivity X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics for Rapid Detection of Ganoderma lucidum Medicinal Material

Jianing Xie1、*, Jiaoyang Luo2, Xiaoguang Hu1, Hong Jiang3,4, Meihua Yang2, Hongli Tian5, Xiaojing Liu5, and Wei Han5
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
  • 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences·Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100038, China
  • 3Judicial Appraisal Center of Wanzijian Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100141, China
  • 4Shanxi Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety Prevention and Control, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi , China
  • 5Beijing Arcoren Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101102, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (21)
    Equations (1)
    References (23)
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    Paper Information
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    Figures & Tables(21)
    Experimental result of minimum detection amount of sample

    Fig. 1. Experimental result of minimum detection amount of sample

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 1 (from Fujian)

    Fig. 2. X-ray spectrum of sample 1 (from Fujian)

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 2 (from Zhejiang)

    Fig. 3. X-ray spectrum of sample 2 (from Zhejiang)

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 3 (from Yunnan)

    Fig. 4. X-ray spectrum of sample 3 (from Yunnan)

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 4 (from Heilongjiang)

    Fig. 5. X-ray spectrum of sample 4 (from Heilongjiang)

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 10 (from Anhui)

    Fig. 6. X-ray spectrum of sample 10 (from Anhui)

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 19 (from Guangxi)

    Fig. 7. X-ray spectrum of sample 19 (from Guangxi)

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 20 (from Guizhou)

    Fig. 8. X-ray spectrum of sample 20 (from Guizhou)

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    X-ray spectrum of sample 25 (from Guangdong)

    Fig. 9. X-ray spectrum of sample 25 (from Guangdong)

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    Mass fraction of Cu and Zn elements in 52 samples

    Fig. 10. Mass fraction of Cu and Zn elements in 52 samples

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    Ratio of mass fraction for Cu and Zn elements in 52 samples

    Fig. 11. Ratio of mass fraction for Cu and Zn elements in 52 samples

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    Variation in clustering coefficient with number of cluster category

    Fig. 12. Variation in clustering coefficient with number of cluster category

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    Clustering results of Gaussian mixture model

    Fig. 13. Clustering results of Gaussian mixture model

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    Schematic diagram of MLP model

    Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of MLP model

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    • Table 1. Places of production and cultivation methods of Ganoderma lucidum medicinal material samples used in experiment

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      Table 1. Places of production and cultivation methods of Ganoderma lucidum medicinal material samples used in experiment

      Sample numberPlace of productionCultivation methodSample numberPlace of productionCultivation method
      1FujianArtificial planting27GuangdongWild
      2ZhejiangArtificial planting28ZhejiangWild
      3YunnanArtificial planting29AnhuiWild
      4HeilongjiangArtificial planting30JilinWild
      5HeilongjiangArtificial planting31JilinWild
      6JilinArtificial planting32JiangsuWild
      7HenanArtificial planting33GuizhouWild
      8FujianArtificial planting34JiangxiWild
      9FujianArtificial planting35JiangxiWild
      10AnhuiArtificial planting36YunnanArtificial planting
      11GuangxiArtificial planting37FujianArtificial planting
      12JiangxiArtificial planting38FujianArtificial planting
      13ShandongArtificial planting39FujianArtificial planting
      14HubeiArtificial planting40FujianArtificial planting
      15HunanArtificial planting41FujianArtificial planting
      16FujianArtificial planting42FujianArtificial planting
      17SichuanArtificial planting43HunanArtificial planting
      18JiangsuArtificial planting44JiangxiArtificial planting
      19GuangxiArtificial planting45GuizhouArtificial planting
      20GuizhouArtificial planting46YunnanArtificial planting
      21FujianArtificial planting47GuangxiArtificial planting
      22FujianArtificial planting48GuizhouArtificial planting
      23HebeiArtificial planting49GuangxiArtificial planting
      24FujianArtificial planting50GuizhouArtificial planting
      25GuangdongArtificial planting51JiangxiArtificial planting
      26GuangdongArtificial planting52GuizhouArtificial planting

    • Table 2. Results of uniformity experiment for sample 32

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      Table 2. Results of uniformity experiment for sample 32

      ElementMass fraction in test/（mg·kg-1）Average value/（mg·kg-1）Standard deviation/（mg·kg-1）Relative standard deviation /%
      12345
      Cu64.5661.2265.3869.4364.9065.102.924.49
      Zn76.9581.2681.2480.4482.9280.562.212.74
      Sr23.2925.9524.9823.9824.5724.551.014.11
      Fe86.2279.9886.0083.4180.6883.262.903.49
      Mn50.7955.3449.6452.6553.8852.462.304.38
      Ca176.69178.14184.10168.40172.76176.025.893.35
      Cr12.8312.2413.0213.7712.8012.930.554.25

    • Table 3. Experimental results of sample 23

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      Table 3. Experimental results of sample 23

      ElementMass fraction /（μg·g-1）
      Cu84.51
      Zn49.34
      Sr17.17
      Fe211.31
      Mn13.31
      Ca964.55
      Cr16.10

    • Table 4. Classification results of samples 10, 17, 25, and 27

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      Table 4. Classification results of samples 10, 17, 25, and 27

      Ratio of mass fractionSample number
      ≥2.027
      1.5‒2.017、25
      ≤1.510

    • Table 5. Clustering sample classification results by Gaussianmixture model

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      Table 5. Clustering sample classification results by Gaussianmixture model

      CategorySample numberNumber
      Ⅰ10、11、13、14、17、18、367
      Ⅱ1、8、9、16、21、22、24、37‒4213
      Ⅲ2、12、23、26‒35、44、5115
      Ⅳ3‒7、15、19、20、25、43、46‒4914
      Ⅴ45、50、523

    • Table 6. Detection accuracy of MLP model

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      Table 6. Detection accuracy of MLP model

      CategoryTraining setTest set
      Sample countAccuracy /%Sample countAccuracy /%
      Ⅰ51002100
      Ⅱ101003100
      Ⅲ111004100
      Ⅳ101004100
      Ⅴ21001100

    • Table 7. Classification results based on ratio of mass fraction for Ba and Sr elements

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      Table 7. Classification results based on ratio of mass fraction for Ba and Sr elements

      CategoryRatioSample number
      Ⅲ-1≥12、34
      Ⅲ-2≥0.5 and <129、32、44、51
      Ⅲ-3<0.512、23、26‒28、30、31、33、35
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    Jianing Xie, Jiaoyang Luo, Xiaoguang Hu, Hong Jiang, Meihua Yang, Hongli Tian, Xiaojing Liu, Wei Han. High Sensitivity X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics for Rapid Detection of Ganoderma lucidum Medicinal Material[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(1): 0130002

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    Paper Information

    Category: Spectroscopy

    Received: Apr. 7, 2024

    Accepted: May. 22, 2024

    Published Online: Jan. 20, 2025

    The Author Email:

    DOI:10.3788/LOP241034

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP241034

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology