Fig. 1. Energy level diagram of D1 line of ⁸⁵Rb for four-wave mixing process

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of parallel all-optical quantum teleportation^[71]

Fig. 3. Detailed experimental setup for parallel all-optical quantum teleportation^[71]

Fig. 4. Quadrature noise of output state when l=1^[71]. (a) Noise of amplitude quadrature of output state; (b) noise of phase quadrature of output state; (c) amplitude quadrature measurement of orbital angular momentum multiplexed entanglement source; (d) phase quadrature measurement of orbital angular momentum multiplexed entanglement source; (e) results of orbital angular momentum mode analysis; (f) computer-generated hologram and corresponding images of input and output fields when l=1

Fig. 5. Relationship between fidelity of all-optical teleportation and topological charge of input mode^[71]. (a) Fidelity of all-optical teleportation for teleporting different orbital angular momentum modes; (b) inseparability of orbital angular momentum multiplexed entanglement source varying with topological charge l

Fig. 6. Experimental layout for multifunctional all-optical quantum state transfer machine^[77]

Fig. 7. Noise power of output state measured by balanced homodyne detector at Victor^[77]. Measurement of (a) amplitude quadrature and (b) phase quadrature with amplification gain of 2; (c) fidelity varying with sideband frequency with amplification gain of 2; measurement of (d) amplitude quadrature and (e) phase quadrature with amplification gain of 16; (f) fidelity varying with sideband frequency with amplification gain of 16

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of all-optical optimal N→M quantum cloning^[79]

Fig. 9. Detailed experimental layout for N→M quantum cloning^[79]. (a) Detailed experimental scheme; state preparation and energy concentration for (b) 4→M, (c) 2→M, and (d) 1→M quantum cloning

Fig. 10. Typical results of state preparation and energy concentration for quantum cloning^[79]. (a) direct current component; (b) amplitude quadrature of 4→M quantum cloning; (c) phase quadrature of 4→M quantum cloning

Fig. 11. Typical results for 4→16 quantum cloning with and without modulation signal^[79]. (a)(b) With modulation signal; (c)(d) without modulation signal

Fig. 12. Fidelities of N → M quantum cloning^[79]. (a) Fidelities of 1→M quantum cloning with M=2, 3, 4; (b) fidelities of 2→M quantum cloning with M=3,…, 8; (c) fidelities of 4→M quantum cloning with M=5,…, 16