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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 42, Issue 3, 0327004(2022)

Progress of Optical Lattice Atomic Clocks

Xiaotong Lu1 and Hong Chang1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710600, China
  • 2School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    Schematic of optical lattice atomic clock

    Fig. 1. Schematic of optical lattice atomic clock

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    Measurement results of the quadratic Zeeman shift coefficient of 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks (solid line is the weighted mean of the measured results, and dotted lines indicate the 1σ standard deviation of the weighted mean)

    Fig. 2. Measurement results of the quadratic Zeeman shift coefficient of 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks (solid line is the weighted mean of the measured results, and dotted lines indicate the 1σ standard deviation of the weighted mean)

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    Main device for suppressing blackbody radiation frequency shift of optical lattice atomic clock. (a) Theoretical model and (b) experimental equipment of cryogenic optical clock technology[25-26]; (c) radiation shielding cavity technical equipment[67]; (d) platinum resistance thermometer cavity and precision calibrated platinum resistance[14]

    Fig. 3. Main device for suppressing blackbody radiation frequency shift of optical lattice atomic clock. (a) Theoretical model and (b) experimental equipment of cryogenic optical clock technology[25-26]; (c) radiation shielding cavity technical equipment[67]; (d) platinum resistance thermometer cavity and precision calibrated platinum resistance[14]

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    Schematic of three-dimensional optical lattice atomic clocks[23-24]. (a) Three-dimensional 88Sr optical lattice atoms; (b) three-dimensional Fermi degenerate optical lattice atomic clock

    Fig. 4. Schematic of three-dimensional optical lattice atomic clocks[23-24]. (a) Three-dimensional 88Sr optical lattice atoms; (b) three-dimensional Fermi degenerate optical lattice atomic clock

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    Research progress of lattice light alternating current Stark frequency shift. (a) Relationship between lattice light alternating current Stark frequency shift and well depth under different frequency detuning (relative to νE1 of 87Sr optical lattice clock)[22]; (b) experimental and theoretical results of lattice light alternating current Stark frequency shift under different frequency detuning (relative to the νE1 of 171Yb optical lattice clock)[76]

    Fig. 5. Research progress of lattice light alternating current Stark frequency shift. (a) Relationship between lattice light alternating current Stark frequency shift and well depth under different frequency detuning (relative to νE1 of 87Sr optical lattice clock)[22]; (b) experimental and theoretical results of lattice light alternating current Stark frequency shift under different frequency detuning (relative to the νE1 of 171Yb optical lattice clock)[76]

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    Research results of portable optical lattice atomic clock. (a) Portable 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks demonstrated by PTB in 2017[74]; (b) portable 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks demonstrated by NTSC in 2020[79]; (c) two portable 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks demonstrated by RIKEN in 2020[80]

    Fig. 6. Research results of portable optical lattice atomic clock. (a) Portable 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks demonstrated by PTB in 2017[74]; (b) portable 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks demonstrated by NTSC in 2020[79]; (c) two portable 87Sr optical lattice atomic clocks demonstrated by RIKEN in 2020[80]

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    Prototype of 88Sr optical lattice atomic clock for space at PTB[47]. (a) Entire physical and optical device; (b) high vacuum physics system with compact structure; (c) spin-polarized spectrum of clock transition with a linewidth of 220 MHz; (d) interleaved stability

    Fig. 7. Prototype of 88Sr optical lattice atomic clock for space at PTB[47]. (a) Entire physical and optical device; (b) high vacuum physics system with compact structure; (c) spin-polarized spectrum of clock transition with a linewidth of 220 MHz; (d) interleaved stability

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    Prototype of 87Sr optical lattice atomic clock for space at NTSC[47]. (a) Apparatuses of physics, optics, and ultra-stable clock laser; (b) high vacuum physics system with highly compact structure; (c) spin-polarized spectrum of clock transition with a linewidth of 7.2 Hz; (d) interleaved stability

    Fig. 8. Prototype of 87Sr optical lattice atomic clock for space at NTSC[47]. (a) Apparatuses of physics, optics, and ultra-stable clock laser; (b) high vacuum physics system with highly compact structure; (c) spin-polarized spectrum of clock transition with a linewidth of 7.2 Hz; (d) interleaved stability

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    • Table 1. Stability of representative optical lattice atomic clocks in the domestic and overseas

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      Table 1. Stability of representative optical lattice atomic clocks in the domestic and overseas

      Optical latticeclock typeInstitutionLong-termstabilitySecondstability
      87Sr[27]JILA4.80×10-17/τ6.60×10-19@1800 s
      171Yb[13]NIST1.50×10-16/τ3.20×10-19@105 s
      88Sr[47]PTB4.10×10-16/τ3.00×10-18@3×105 s
      199Hg[48]RIKEN2.00×10-15/τ2.40×10-17@6000 s
      87Sr[49]NIM1.80×10-15/τ3.00×10-17@3000 s
      87Sr[43]NTSC2.43×10-15/τ9.00×10-18@105 s
      171Yb[41]WIPM2.40×10-14/τ2.00×10-16@7200 s

    • Table 2. Systematic uncertainty of representative optical lattice atomic clocks in the domestic and overseas

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      Table 2. Systematic uncertainty of representative optical lattice atomic clocks in the domestic and overseas

      Optical latticeclock typeInstitutionUncertainty
      171Yb[13]NIST1.4×10-18
      87Sr[14,58]JILA2.0×10-18
      88Sr[47]PTB2.0×10-17
      199Hg[48]RIKEN7.5×10-17
      87Sr[49]NIM2.9×10-17
      171Yb[63]ECNU1.7×10-16
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    Xiaotong Lu, Hong Chang. Progress of Optical Lattice Atomic Clocks[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2022, 42(3): 0327004

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    Paper Information

    Category: Quantum Optics

    Received: Aug. 31, 2021

    Accepted: Nov. 25, 2021

    Published Online: Jan. 24, 2022

    The Author Email: Chang Hong (changhong@ntsc.ac.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS202242.0327004

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology