Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of STS-CAI. (a) Schematic diagram of the forward image acquisition. LCS, LSE, and LES are the distances between the constraint plane, object plane, encoding plate plane and streak camera plane, respectively. Δτ0 is the pulse duration of the ultrafast light field. (b) Flow chart of the multiplexed CDI algorithm for STS-CAI.

Fig. 2. STS-CAI simulation results. (a) Reconstructed amplitude information at different wavelengths and different times and the ground truth of the object at different times. (b) The phase ground truth of the object at time t4 with a central wavelength of 787 nm. (c) The retrieved phase value corresponding to panel (b). (d) Phase curves along the red short lines in panels (b) and (c). (e) PSNR and SSIM value of the object at the center wavelength position at each moment in panel (a). The unit of the color bar in panel (c) is radians, and it also applies to panel (b).

Fig. 3. Experimental optical path and time spectrum curve. (a) Experimental optical path and phase distribution diagram of the encoding plate. (b) Temporal-spectral distribution recorded by the streak camera in 1D mode. (c) 1D spectral intensity curve and time-spectrum curve.

Fig. 4. Spatiotemporally chirped pulse measurement with STS-CAI. (a) The optical path of the measurement with STS-CAI. (b) The diffraction pattern recorded by the streak camera. (c) Amplitude distribution of the pulse reconstructed by STS-CAI. (d) Phase distribution of the pulse reconstructed by STS-CAI. (e) Temporal intensity and phase curves of the pulse at points A and B. (f) Spectral intensity and phase curves of the pulse at points A and B. The unit of the color bar in panel (d) is radians.

Fig. 5. Spatial vortex pulse measurement with STS-CAI. (a) The optical path of the measurement with STS-CAI. (b) The diffraction pattern recorded by the streak camera. (c) Amplitude distribution of the pulse reconstructed by STS-CAI. (d) Phase distribution of the pulse reconstructed by STS-CAI. (e) Temporal intensity and phase curves at points A and B. (f) Spectral intensity and phase curves at points A and B. The unit of the color bar in panel (d) is radians. (Video 1, MP4, 148 KB [URL: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.7.2.026004.s1]; Video 2, MP4, 344 KB [URL: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.7.2.026004.s2].)

Fig. 6. STS reconstruction results based on STS-CAI. (a) Measured 3D spatial and temporal distribution of the spatiotemporally chirped pulse at the phase encoding plate. (b) Calculated 3D spatial and temporal distribution of the spatiotemporally chirped pulse at focus. (c), (d) The electric field, amplitude, and phase curves at points O1 and O2 in panel (a), respectively. (e) Measured 3D spatial and temporal distribution of the spatial vortex pulse at the encoding plate. (f) Calculated 3D spatial and temporal distribution of the spatial vortex pulse at focus. (g), (h) The electric field, amplitude, and phase curves at points P1 and P2 in panel (e), respectively.