Spinosad, a secondary metabolite produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa, has garnered significant attention globally due to its environmentally friendly and broad-spectrum insecticidal properties. The unique structure of spinosad and its analog, butenyl-spinosyn, underlies their distinctive mode of action. To meet the demands of large-scale industrial production, research teams worldwide have been striving to enhance the yields of spinosad and butenyl-spinosyn, with remarkable achievements accomplished through the application of synthetic biology techniques. This review summarizes the research conducted domestically and internationally on the regulation of metabolic pathways at various levels using synthetic biology techniques to improve the production of spinosad and butenyl-spinosyn. It focuses on four key aspects: chassis cell modification and optimization, multi-omics analysis, genetic circuit modification, and metabolic network regulation. Furthermore, it provides an outlook on future research directions in this field, and provides a new research strategy to promote the biosynthesis of spinosad by synthetic biology technology.