Control and removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have always been critical issues in the environmental field. Catalytic oxidation has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for VOCs removal due to its low operational temperature, high efficiency, and non-toxic by-products. Perovskite oxides (ABO₃) are recognized as efficient and stable catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs. To enhance the catalytic efficiency of perovskite-based catalysts, it is necessary to systematically analyze and optimize the design of perovskite oxides to meet the specific requirements for the removal of different VOCs. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advances in the catalytic oxidation of VOCs using perovskite oxides. Firstly, various design strategies for perovskite oxides in the catalytic oxidation of VOCs, including morphology control, A-site and B-site substitution, defect engineering, and supported perovskite catalysts, are introduced, giving a close link between the catalytic performance of perovskite oxides and their material composition, morphology, surface properties (oxygen species, defects), and intrinsic properties (oxygen vacancy concentration, lattice structure). The reaction mechanisms and degradation pathways involved in the catalytic oxidation of VOCs are analyzed, and the prospects and challenges in the rational design of perovskite oxide catalysts and the exploration of reaction mechanisms are outlined.