Fig. 1. Beam shaping effect of analytical designed DOE. (a) Two-dimensional distribution of light intensity in XY plane; (b) light intensity envelope curve of Y=0 center line

Fig. 2. Beam shaping effect of basic GS algorithm.(a) Two-dimensional distribution of light intensity in XY plane; (b) light intensity envelope curve of Y=0 center line

Fig. 3. Diagram of relationship between signal area and noise area

Fig. 4. Comparison between basic GS algorithm and improved GS algorithm

Fig. 5. Beam shaping effect of modified GS algorithm. (a) Three-dimensional light intensity distribution of uniform spot; (b) two-dimensional distribution of light intensity in XY plane; (c) light intensity envelope curves of coordinate axes; (d) curves of Uni and RMSE converging with number of iterations

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of beam shaping system

Fig. 7. 64-step quantized grayscale of DOE phase

Fig. 8. Influence of Δz on beam shaping. (a) Δz=-0.5 mm; (b) Δz=0.5 mm; (c) Δz=-0.2 mm; (d) Δz=0.2 mm; (e) Δz=-0.1 mm; (f) Δz=0.1 mm

Fig. 9. Experiment results of DOE element defocusing. (a) Δz=-0.5 mm; (b) Δz=-0.1 mm; (c) Δz=0; (d) Δz=0.1 mm; (e) Δz=0.5 mm