Fig. 1. Historical process of laser power measurement development

Fig. 2. PIN photodiode sensor structure

Fig. 3. Sensor structure based on electric thermopile for laser power measurement

Fig. 4. Structure of pyroelectric sensor for optical power measurement

Fig. 5. System diagram of cryogenic absolute radiometer^[44]

Fig. 6. Diagrams of flowing-water optical power meter^[48]. (a) Typical flowing-water optical power meter; (b) calibration device of flowing-water optical power meter

Fig. 7. Typical diagrams of optical power measuring system by optodynamics. (a) Diagram of hanging measuring system^[66]; (b) diagram of measuring system and calibration of maglev structure^[64]; (c) spring structure integrated with capacitance sensor^[63]

Fig. 8. Diagram of integrating sphere

Fig. 9. Application of laser power meter in optical fiber communication

Fig. 10. Diagram of BOTDR system^[73]

Fig. 11. Q-switch extinction ratio measuring system