Fig. 1. Structural diagram of Gemini quaternary ammonium

Fig. 2. Particle size distribution of three nanoparticles(a) WO₃, (b) Bi₂O₃, (c) Bi₂WO₆

Fig. 3. XRD patterns of three nanoparticles(a) WO₃, (b) Bi₂O₃, (c) Bi₂WO₆

Fig. 4. Morphological characterization of various composite materials (a) NR/WO₃, (b) NR/Bi₂O₃, (c) NR/Bi₂WO₆

Fig. 5. Tensile strength (a) and elongation at break (b) of NR and various composite materials

Fig. 6. γ-ray shielding rates of NR and various composite materials