The optical diffraction limit restricts microscopic imaging resolution to the half-wavelength scale. Conventional Ghost Imaging via Sparsity Constraints-based Nanoscopy (GISC-Nanoscopy), which utilizes random phase modulators to spatially disperse fluorescence signals, suffers from reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in captured images. To address the inherent SNR limitations of traditional GISC-Nanoscopy, we propose integrating super-Rayleigh speckle modulation into the system. By leveraging the faster attenuation rate of super-Rayleigh speckle statistical distributions compared to conventional negative exponential distributions, this approach concentrates signal energy more effectively and enhances spatial contrast. The optimized system generates super-Rayleigh speckles with a contrast exceeding 1. Specifically, the enhanced system demonstrates a fluorescence signal SNR improvement exceeding 5 dB, a 30% reduction in normalized mean square error (NMSE) for reconstructed images and a 3 nm improvement in single-molecule localization accuracy compared to conventional GISC-Nanoscopy.