Fig. 1. Beam control principle of phased array radar

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of deflection angle distribution of continuous angle deflection model

Fig. 3. Phase distribution affected by edge effects

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of electrode duty cycle phase delay distribution

Fig. 5. Influence of electrode duty ratio on normalization accuracy error

Fig. 6. Influence of fluctuation amplitude value A on normalization accuracy error

Fig. 7. Ideal step phase and step phase distribution with quantization error

Fig. 8. Accuracy error generated by voltage quantization digit

Fig. 9. Algorithm flow chart

Fig. 10. Iterative curve of G&L-HHO optimization algorithm

Fig. 11. Comparison of far field light intensity distribution before and after algorithm optimization.（a）Original image；（b）Partial enlarged view.

Fig. 12. Comparison of wavefront phase distribution before and after algorithm optimization

Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of deflection angle distribution

Fig. 14. Normalized accuracy error before and after optimization.（a）Before optimization；（b）After optimization.