Fig. 1. Schematics of (a) 3D display system based on lenticular lens, (b) 3D display based on a metalens, (c) illuminance distribution varied with the viewing positions for subpixel 1 and subpixel 2, and (d) calculation method of the deflection angle for subpixels.

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of double-functioned metalens and bionic compound eye metasurface for multiview display, and image designs for (b) optical system with 2N subpixels, (c) optical system with four subpixels, and (d) optical system with 12 subpixels.

Fig. 3. (a) Schematic diagram of the metalens integrated with micro-LED for FDTD simulation; (b) numerical calculations for the transmittance and phase shift as a function of the radius; (c) phase varying with radius and height; (d) transmittance varying with radius and height; (e) comparison of the target phase and the real phase.

Fig. 4. Simulated results of metalens with a specific deflection angle: normalized intensity distribution of electric field in the x–z plane, normalized far-field light intensity distribution, and their vertical cross section.

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of (a) module splicing and module penetration metalens; simulation results of module splicing metalens (b) before ratio adjustment and (c) after ratio adjustment; simulation results of module penetration metalens (e) before ratio adjustment and (f) after ratio adjustment.

Fig. 6. Calculated far-field intensity distributions with x-polarized, y-polarized, and z-polarized dipoles as well as the average intensities of the incoherent dipoles.

Fig. 7. Far-field luminous intensity distributions of the designed metalens/micro-LED optical systems with (a) N = 2 and (b) N = 3.

Fig. 8. (a) Calculated cross talk degrees for different viewing points with N = 3 and OVD = 75 cm; (b)–(i) MTF values of the metalens with the same specific deflection angles.

Fig. 9. Calculated images at different viewing points for N = 3 and VOD = 75 cm.