Fig. 1. Comparison of light spot cross section between 3^rd generation storage rings and 4^th generation diffraction-limited storage rings

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of XPCS and its temporal-spatial resolution compared with other techniques^[13]

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of STXM and ptychography

Fig. 4. Sketch of principle of various X-ray spectroscopic techniques based on synchrotron radiation^[25]

Fig. 5. Sketch of principle of various X-ray spectroscopic techniques based on synchrotron radiation^[32]

Fig. 6. Characterization of electronic structure of quantum materials by ARPES

Fig. 7. High density racetrack memory based on domain walls and domain dynamics in antiferromagnetic metals^[60-64]

Fig. 8. Real and imaginary absorption, energy-dependent RSoXS and the corresponding morphology model of three polymer blocks^[11]

Fig. 9. Enhanced X-ray wave amplitude at the surface or interface of films or heterostructures due to standing wave effect of X-rayangularreflection^[84]

Fig. 10. Decay of capillary waves in entangled PS films observed by using XPCS^[85]

Fig. 11. SR lights provide versatile X-ray spectroscopic techniques, such as sXAS, XES and RIXS, to describe the electronic structure changes of electrode materials during charge and discharge, and guide the synthesis of materials and the optimization of their performance

Fig. 12. Near-ambient pressure XPS characterization for water-gas reaction and Fischer-Tropsch reaction

Fig. 13. In-situ catalytic mass spectrometry in Hefei Light Source and its representative research results

Fig. 14. Chemical mechanism of AgNPs toxicity to human monocytes^[113]

Fig. 15. Component analysis of secondary aerosol samples from different cities in China^[119]

Fig. 16. Effect of particle size on the single-chain dynamics, taking PEO composites with a fraction of 1% Au nanoparticles as a model, by using XPCS^[127]

Fig. 17. Combustion reaction dynamics simulation for aero-engine and its potential applications^[136]