Extraction Method of Safe Water Level in Karst Caves Based on Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation

Yirong Pan; Yonghua Xia; Minglong Yang; Ruo Chen; Lujiu Zha; Qi Zhu

doi:10.3788/LOP212937

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 6, 0628007(2023)

Extraction Method of Safe Water Level in Karst Caves Based on Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation

Yirong Pan^1,3, Yonghua Xia^2,3、*, Minglong Yang^2,3, Ruo Chen^1,3, Lujiu Zha^1,3, and Qi Zhu^1,3

Author Affiliations

¹Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China

²City College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China

³Surveying & Mapping Technology and Application Research Center on Plateau Mountains of Yunnan Higher Education, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. General information of study area. (a)Elevation; (b) land use; (c) karst cave basin; (d) model of experimental section

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Fig. 2. Flow chart for extracting safe water level of karst cave

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Fig. 3. Flow chart of transient problems calculated by PISO

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Fig. 4. Design storm data and simulation results

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Fig. 5. Relationship between flood simulation and real flood marks

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Fig. 6. LES and RSM simulation results. (a) RSM; (b) LES

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Fig. 7. Convergent curves of residuals of RSM and LES. (a) RSM; (b) LES

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Fig. 8. Cross-sections of simulation results

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Table 1. Design parameters and results of point rainstorm (1, 6, 24 h)
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Table 1. Design parameters and results of point rainstorm (1, 6, 24 h)
$t / h$ ${\bar{H}}_{t} / m m$ $C_{v t}$ $C_{v s}$ $H_{t 10 %} / m m$
1 35.0000 0.3993 3.5 $C_{v 1}$ 53.55
6 59.9962 0.4479 3.5 $C_{v 6}$ 95.99
24 74.7485 0.4496 3.5 $C_{v 24}$ 119.6

Table 2. Results of transformation of areal rainfall

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Table 2. Results of transformation of areal rainfall

t /h	$H_{p o i n t, t p}$	$α_{F t}$	$H_{F t p}$
24	119.6	98.03	117.2439
23	118.7953	97.99	116.4075
22	117.9605	97.98	115.5777
21	117.0932	97.97	114.7162
20	116.1904	97.96	113.8201
19	115.2488	97.95	112.8862
18	114.2646	97.86	111.8193
17	113.2332	97.91	110.8666
16	112.1494	97.87	109.7606
15	111.0071	97.83	108.5982
14	109.7988	97.79	107.3722
13	108.5156	97.76	106.0849
12	107.1464	97.69	104.6713
11	105.6776	97.66	103.2047
10	104.0918	97.58	101.5728
9	102.3665	97.51	99.8176
8	100.4716	97.45	97.9096
7	98.3658	97.37	95.7788
6	95.99	97.4	93.4943
5	90.4553	97.22	87.9406
4	84.1144	97.13	81.7003
3	76.5909	97.11	74.3774
2	67.1156	96.92	65.0484
1	53.55	96.7	51.7829

Table 3. Parameters of kinematic wave

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Table 3. Parameters of kinematic wave

Overland flow planes	Collector channels and subcollector channels	The main channel
Typical length	Area drained by channel	Channel length
Representative slope	Representative channel length	Description of channel shape
Overland-flow roughness coefficient	Description of channel shape	Principle dimensions of channel cross section
Area represented	Principle dimensions of representative channel cross section	Channel slope
by plane	Representative channel slope	Representative Manning’s roughness coefficient
Loss model parameters	Representative Manning’s roughness coefficient	Identification of upstream inflow hydrograph（if any）

Table 4. Parameters of model of mountain torrents
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Table 4. Parameters of model of mountain torrents
Sub-basin number Initial content Saturated content Suction /mm Conductivity /（mm·h^-1） Impervious /% Lag time /min
W60 0.304 0.41 446 2.6 3.33 194.33
W50 0.304 0.41 446 2.6 3.44 271.49
W40 0.304 0.41 446 2.6 1.54 267.67

Table 5. Coordinates of the safe water level

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Table 5. Coordinates of the safe water level

No.	X /m	Y /m	Z /m	No.	X /m	Y /m	Z /m
1	****031.711	****69.153	1806.111	26	****045.615	****51.687	1806.125
2	****032.149	****68.719	1806.11	27	****046.776	****50.032	1806.134
3	****032.306	****68.326	1806.116	28	****048.017	****48.741	1806.134
4	****032.941	****67.642	1806.133	29	****053.65	****51.118	1806.146
5	****033.465	****66.856	1806.118	30	****053.289	****51.718	1806.134
6	****033.388	****65.901	1806.12	31	****052.374	****52.657	1806.146
7	****033.419	****64.715	1806.113	32	****051.465	****53.578	1806.132
8	****033.217	****63.963	1806.119	33	****050.276	****54.595	1806.135
9	****034.029	****61.804	1806.115	34	****048.856	****55.186	1806.126
10	****034.683	****60.311	1806.129	35	****047.65	****56.127	1806.128
11	****034.478	****59.737	1806.131	36	****046.026	****58.943	1806.13
12	****034.048	****59.416	1806.125	37	****044.629	****60.552	1806.127
13	****034.22	****58.97	1806.118	38	****044.065	****61.891	1806.126
14	****034.996	****58.432	1806.117	39	****043.311	****62.555	1806.13
15	****035.897	****57.593	1806.129	40	****042.581	****62.991	1806.124
16	****036.437	****56.66	1806.143	41	****042.432	****63.419	1806.12
17	****037.084	****55.758	1806.136	42	****041.649	****63.825	1806.119
18	****037.986	****55.974	1806.14	43	****041.017	****65.098	1806.118
19	****038.369	****55.433	1806.123	44	****040.611	****66.751	1806.116
20	****038.726	****54.45	1806.127	45	****040.089	****67.768	1806.115
21	****039.302	****53.898	1806.126	46	****037.905	****72.199	1806.155
22	****040.287	****53.611	1806.125	47	****037.72	****71.536	1806.132
23	****042.722	****51.514	1806.12	48	****038.256	****70.318	1806.129
24	****043.523	****53.058	1806.112	49	****038.833	****69.497	1806.112
25	****045.007	****53.68	1806.133	50	****039.521	****69.203	1806.11

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Yirong Pan, Yonghua Xia, Minglong Yang, Ruo Chen, Lujiu Zha, Qi Zhu. Extraction Method of Safe Water Level in Karst Caves Based on Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(6): 0628007

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