Estimation of Optical Turbulence Intensity near Sea Surface Using Ultrasonic Anemometer Array

Haojia Zhang; Gang Sun; Liming Zhu; Hanjiu Zhang; Xuebin Ma; Xiaodan Hu; Zihan Zhang; Ying Liu; Xuebin Li

doi:10.3788/AOS221007

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 43, Issue 6, 0601001(2023)

Estimation of Optical Turbulence Intensity near Sea Surface Using Ultrasonic Anemometer Array

Haojia Zhang^1,2, Gang Sun^1、*, Liming Zhu^1,2, Hanjiu Zhang^1,3, Xuebin Ma^1,2, Xiaodan Hu^1,2, Zihan Zhang^1,2, Ying Liu^1,3, and Xuebin Li¹

Author Affiliations

¹Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China

²Science Island Branch of Graduates School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China

³School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Experimental site and measurement equipment

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Fig. 2. Ultrasonic data processing process

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Fig. 3. $C_{n}^{2}$ comparison

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Fig. 4. Temperature change and temperature gradient change. (a) Temperature change; (b) temperature gradient change

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Fig. 5. Wind speed, wind shear change, and turbulence intensity change. (a) Wind speed and wind shear change; (b) turbulence intensity change

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Fig. 6. $C_{n}^{2}$ correlation diagram

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Fig. 7. $z / L$ varying with time

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Fig. 8. $C_{n}^{2}$ varying with $z / L$

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Table 1. Main indicators of measurement equipment

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Table 1. Main indicators of measurement equipment

Instrument	Variable	Resolution	Range
CSAT3B	u	1.0 mm·s^-1	-32.8-32.8 m·s^-1
	v	1.0 mm·s^-1	-32.8-32.8 m·s^-1
	w	0.5 mm·s^-1	-65.5-65.5 m·s^-1
	T_s	±0.002 ℃	-30-50 ℃
WXT536	P	0.1 hPa	600-1100 hPa
	T	0.1 ℃	-52-60 °C
	RH	0.1%	0-100%

Table 2. Comparison of results of two calculation methods for five typical runs

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Table 2. Comparison of results of two calculation methods for five typical runs

Run number	Run. 20 （February 20，2021）	Run. 47 （March 30，2021）	Run. 80（April 27，2021）	Run. 87（May 3，2021）	Run. 120（June 16，2021）
$C_{T}^{2}_C_{n}^{2} / (10^{- 16} m^{- 2 / 3})$	$25.3$	$9.38$	$9.59$	$15.8$	$21.2$
$C_{v}^{2}_C_{n}^{2} / (10^{- 16} m^{- 2 / 3})$	$2.54$	$10.7$	$15.7$	$30.6$	$8.14$
$\|Δ l g C_{n}^{2}\|$	0.98	0.06	0.21	0.29	0.41
$R$	0.84	0.86	0.96	0.98	0.71

Table 3. Correlation between $C_{n}^{2}$ and meteorological parameters of Run. 80

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Table 3. Correlation between $C_{n}^{2}$ and meteorological parameters of Run. 80

Meteorological parameter		$T_{s} / ℃$	$Δ T / ℃$	$R H / %$	$U / (m \cdot s^{- 1})$	$S / s^{- 1}$	$C_{v}^{2} / m^{- 2 / 3}$
$C_{n}^{2}$ obtained by ultrasonic anemometer array calculation method	Whole day on April 27	0.75	0.50	-0.83	0.18	0.44	-0.04
	Daytime on April 27	0.83	-0.11	-0.81	0.16	0.23	0.10
	Night on April 27	-0.44	-0.41	-0.21	0.81	0.80	0.89
$C_{n}^{2}$ obtained by ultrasonic single point virtual temperature estimation method	Whole day on April 27	0.71	0.38	-0.81	0.25	0.55	0.98
	Daytime on April 27	0.91	-0.22	-0.82	0.06	0.28	0.98
	Night on April 27	-0.56	-0.55	-0.29	0.94	0.93	0.98

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Haojia Zhang, Gang Sun, Liming Zhu, Hanjiu Zhang, Xuebin Ma, Xiaodan Hu, Zihan Zhang, Ying Liu, Xuebin Li. Estimation of Optical Turbulence Intensity near Sea Surface Using Ultrasonic Anemometer Array[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(6): 0601001

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