[1] [1] T. Actkahn, S. V. Garimella, J. Petroski et al.. Optimal design of miniature piezoelectric fans for cooling light emitting diodes［J］. IEEE Inter Society Conference on Thermal Phenomena, 2004, 1(4): 663～671

[2] [2] E. F. Schubert. Light-Emitting Diodes［M］. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003

[3] [3] D. A. Steigerwald, J. C. Bhat, D. C. Collins. Illumination with solid state lighting technology［J］. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 2002, 8(2): 310～320

[4] [4] K. Oliver. High power LED arrays special requirements on packaging technology［C］. SPIE, 2006, 6143: 1～8

[5] [5] A. Mehmet, W. Stanton. Chip scale thermal management of high brightness LED packages［C］. SPIE, 2004, 5530: 214～223

[6] [6] S. Kiyoshi, S. Masaru, I. Hiroyuki. LED headlamps［C］. SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition, 2004, 2004-1-437

[7] [7] H. Michael, H. Wolfgang. Design claims and technical solution steps generating the world first full LED hheadlamp［C］. SAE 2008, World Gongress & Exhibition, 2008, 2008-1-337

[8] [8] Wang Le, Wu Ke, Yu Yibo et al.. Study on LED array heat transfer under natural convection based on CFD［J］. J. Optoelectronics·Laser, 2010, 21(12): 1758～1761

[9] [9] Zhu Xuping, Yu Guiying, Ding Shushu et al.. Transient temperature field and thermal stress of high power LED［J］. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2011, 38(2): 132～137

[10] [10] Yan Lai, Nicolás Cordero, Frank Barthel et al.. Thermal management of bright LEDs for automotive applications［J］. Thermal, Mechanical and Multiphysics Simulation and Experiments in Micro-Electronics and Micro-Systems, EuroSimE, 2006, 26(6): 1～5

[11] [11] Yan Lai, Nicolás Cordero, Frank Barthel et al.. Liquid cooling of bright LEDs for automotive applications［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009, 29(5-6): 1239～1244

[12] [12] Li Renxian. The Foundation of Finite Volume Method［M］. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 2005. 1～3

[13] [13] Yunusa, Cengel. Heat Transfer: a Practical Approach［M］. New York, WCB/McGraw-Hill Inc, 2007. 109～111

[14] [14] Yu Guiying, Jin Ji, Zhu Xuping et al.. Optimal design of reflective light emitting diode automotive headlamps［J］. Chinese J. Lasers, 2009, 36(s2): 112～116

[15] [15] National Standardization Technical Committee. National Standard of LED Automobile Headlamp GB25991-2010［S］. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2010

[16] [16] General Life Test Method of LED Components and Modules CNS 15247［S］. Chinese Taiwan, 2009