Fig. 1. Schematic of generation of X-ray fluorescence

Fig. 2. Construction of experimental chamber, transmittance of detector window and schematic of fluorescence measurement system. (a) Internal structure of chamber; (b) theoretical transmittance of silicon nitride window; (c) schematic of the soft X-ray fluorescence measurement system

Fig. 3. XRF spectra, two-dimensional fluorescence spectra, and XANES of Co element. (a) XRF spectra of Fe-doped Co3O4 samples; (b) two-dimensional fluorescence spectra near Co L-edge; XANES spectra of Co L-edge obtained by (c) PFY mode and (d) TEY mode

Fig. 4. XANES spectra for O K-edge in bilayer TiO2 nanocrystal/CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cells. (a) PFY mode; (b) TEY mode

Fig. 5. Cu L-edge XANES spectra in porous TiO2/Cu catalysts. (a) PFY mode; (b) TEY mode

Fig. 6. Soft X-ray based XANES spectra for single and multi layer TiO2 powders. (a) Single layer and (b) multi layer TiO2 powders based XANES spectra obtained by TEY mode; (c) PFY mode and (d) IPFY mode based soft X-ray XANES spectra of TiO2 powders with different thicknesses