Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 8, 0822001(2024)
Design and Optimization of a Head-Up Display System with Variable Projection Distance
Figures & Tables(37)
Fig. 2. Schematic structure of projection distance variable AR-HUD optical system
Fig. 4. Light traces on different mirrors. (a) Light traces on first mirror; (b) light traces on secondary mirror
Fig. 6. Width trapezoidal distortion and height trapezoidal distortion schematics. (a) Width trapezoidal distortion; (b) height trapezoidal distortion
Fig. 9. Spot diagrams under different projection distances. (a) Spot diagrams at the projection distance of 10 m; (b) spot diagrams at the projection distance of 3 m
Fig. 10. MTF curves under different projection distances. (a) MTF at the projection distance of 10 m; (b) MTF at the projection distance of 3 m
Fig. 11. Mesh distortion at different projection distances. (a) Mesh distortion at the projection distance of 10 m; (b) mesh distortion at the projection distance of 3 m
Fig. 12. UI simulation at different projection distances. (a) UI simulation at the projection distance of 10 m; (b) UI simulation at the projection distance of 3 m
Fig. 13. Variable distance curves. (a) Distance from M1 to PGU varies with projection distance; (b) length of PGU varies with projection distance
Fig. 18. Optical path for changing the distance from first mirror to secondary mirror
Fig. 21. Schematic of volume measurements for three schemes. (a) Only move PGU; (b) move first mirror and PGU; (c) only move first mirror
Fig. 22. Results of free-form curved-mirror face form test. (a) Curved-mirror face form composed of ideal point cloud data; (b) deviation of ideal face form and actual face form
Fig. 25. Windshield stand. (a) Overall shape structure; (b) windshield installation
Table 1. Design parameters of projection distance variable AR-HUD optical system
View tableTable 1. Design parameters of projection distance variable AR-HUD optical system
AR-HUD system parameter Parameter value VID /m 3-10 FOV /［（°）×（°）］ 15×5 Eyebox /（mm×mm） 130×50 Wavelength /μm Visible light Distortion /% <5 Dynamic distortion /（′） <5 MTF Center： >0.5@5 lp/mm Other： >0.3@5 lp/mm Image rotation /（°） <±2
Table 2. Optical design evaluation results at the projection distance of 10 m
View tableTable 2. Optical design evaluation results at the projection distance of 10 m
Evaluation project Standard value Design value Clarification Spot diameter /μm <100 24.418 8 mm×8 mm Mesh distortion /% <5 -0.5014 Eyebox center <5 -0.8371 Full eyebox Rotational distortion /（°） <±2 0.0379 — Trapezoidal distortion /% <5 0.0291 — Rhombic distortion /% <5 0.0061 — TV distortion /% <5 -0.1538 — FOV /% <±10 -0.036 — MTF >0.5@5 lp/mm 0.7471 — Eyebox /（mm×mm） 130×50 130×50 — Aspect ratio distortion /% <±10 0.6154 — Dynamic distortion /（′） <5 3.34 FOV of 1 to 4 <5 3.55 FOV of 5 to 8 Binocular parallax /（′） <5 3.26 Horizontal parallax <5 -1.43 Vertical parallax
Table 3. Optical design evaluation results at the projection distance of 3 m
View tableTable 3. Optical design evaluation results at the projection distance of 3 m
Evaluation project Standard value Design value Clarification Spot diameter /μm <100 42.004 8 mm×8 mm Mesh distortion /% <5 -1.2225 Eyebox center <5 1.8776 Full eyebox Rotational distortion /（°） <±2 1.1764 - Trapezoidal distortion /% <5 1.0882 - Rhombic distortion /% <5 0.0633 - TV distortion /% <5 0.6950 - FOV /% <±10 -2.738 - MTF >0.5@5 lp/mm 0.6661 - Eyebox /（mm×mm） 130×50 130×50 - Aspect ratio distortion /% <±10 3.5544 - Dynamic distortion /（′） <5 3.91 FOV of 1 to 4 <5 4.09 FOV of 5 to 8 Binocular parallax /（′） <5 3.81 Horizontal parallax <5 1.55 Vertical parallax
Table 4. Maximum spot diameters in different locations of eyebox
View tableTable 4. Maximum spot diameters in different locations of eyebox
FOV Maximum spot diameter of 10 m /μm Maximum spot diameter of 3 m /μm (-62.64, 20.88) 19.631 73.200 (0,20.88) 15.857 64.852 (62.64, 20.88) 28.989 67.432 (-62.64, 0) 20.270 42.200 (62.64, 0) 28.552 43.340 (-62.64, -20.88) 124.406 46.136 (0, -20.88) 20.231 25.368 (62.64, -20.88) 38.781 35.256
Table 5. Minimum of MTF for remaining positions of eyebox
View tableTable 5. Minimum of MTF for remaining positions of eyebox
FOV Minimum MTF of 10 m Minimum MTF of 3 m (-62.64, 20.88) 0.7152 0.5237 (0, 20.88) 0.7226 0.5655 (62.64, 20.88) 0.6489 0.5483 (-62. 64,0) 0.7005 0.6588 (62.64, 0) 0.6121 0.6882 (-62.64, -20.88) 0.3052 0.6686 (0, -20.88) 0.7054 0.6661 (62.64, -20.88) 0.4869 0.6759
Table 6. Optical design evaluation results at the projection distance of 7.784 m
View tableTable 6. Optical design evaluation results at the projection distance of 7.784 m
Evaluation project Standard value Design value Clarification Spot diameter /μm <100 27.386 8 mm×8 mm Mesh distortion /% <5 -0.5204 Eyebox center <5 0.9214 Full eyebox Rotational distortion /（°） <±2 0.1737 - Trapezoidal distortion /% <5 0.1483 - Rhombic distortion /% <5 0.0133 - TV distortion /% <5 -0.2006 - FOV /% <±10 0.3560 - MTF >0.5@5 lp/mm 0.7423 - Eyebox /（mm×mm） 130×50 130×50 - Aspect ratio distortion /% <±10 0.9646 - Dynamic distortion /（′） <5 3.32 FOV of 1 to 4 <5 3.54 FOV of 5 to 8 Binocular parallax /（′） <5 3.21 Horizontal parallax <5 -1.51 Vertical parallax
Table 7. Maximum spot diameters in different locations of eyebox
View tableTable 7. Maximum spot diameters in different locations of eyebox
FOV Maximum spot diameter of 7.784 m /μm (-62.64, 20.88) 41.112 (0, 20.88) 36.476 (62.64, 20.88) 54.644 (-62.64, 0) 32.248 (62.64, 0) 43.642 (-62.64, -20.88) 82.678 (0, -20.88) 40.112 (62.64, -20.88) 57.070
Table 8. Minimum of MTF for different locations of eyebox
View tableTable 8. Minimum of MTF for different locations of eyebox
FOV Minimum MTF of 7.784 m (-62.64, 20.88) 0.7034 (0, 20.88) 0.7156 (62.64, 20.88) 0.6378 (-62.64, 0) 0.7253 (62.64, 0) 0.6718 (-62.64, -20.88) 0.5138 (0, -20.88) 0.7034 (62.64, -20.88) 0.6159
Table 9. System tolerance allocation
View tableTable 9. System tolerance allocation
Tolerance parameter Radius of curvature /mm Spacing /mm X direction offset /mm Y direction offset /mm Amount of rotation on X axis /（°） Amount of rotation on Y axis /（°） Windshield 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 First mirror 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Secondary mirror 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Table 10. Results of Monte Carlo analysis
View tableTable 10. Results of Monte Carlo analysis
Percentage /% MTF at projection distance of 10 m MTF at projection distance of 7.784 m MTF at projection distance of 3 m 98 0.71970370 0.72347328 0.67672304 90 0.72321333 0.72753425 0.67933063 80 0.72533448 0.73193082 0.68074754 50 0.73112707 0.73735927 0.68370849 20 0.73555387 0.73930492 0.68634830 10 0.73672822 0.73998048 0.68755508 2 0.73776523 0.74067423 0.68949523
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Yihan Sun, Shenjiang Wu, Bo Wang, Xiaowei Chen, Yiming Zhang. Design and Optimization of a Head-Up Display System with Variable Projection Distance[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(8): 0822001
Paper Information
Category: Optical Design and Fabrication
Received: Dec. 11, 2023
Accepted: Jan. 29, 2024
Published Online: Apr. 18, 2024
The Author Email: Wu Shenjiang (wsj@xatu.edu.cn)
CSTR:32393.14.AOS231914
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