[1] [1] CHEN W, SUN K, ZHENG R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortal-ity in China, 2014［J］ . Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, 2018, 30(1): 1.

[2] [2] European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carci-noma［J］ . Journal of Hepatology, 2012, 56(4): 908-943.

[3] [3] TSILIMIGRAS D I, BAGANTE F, MORIS D, et al. Recurrence patterns and outcomes after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma within and beyond the Barcelona clinic liver cancer criteria［J］ . Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2020, 27: 2321-2331.

[6] [6] GIANCHECCHI E, DELFINO D V, FIERABRACCI A. Recent in-sights into the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunological tolerance and autoimmunity［J］ . Autoimmunity Reviews, 2013, 12(11): 1091-1100.

[7] [7] GAO Q, WANG XY, QIU S J, et al. Overexpression of PD-L1 significantly associates with tumor aggressiveness and postopera-tive recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma［J］ . Clinical Cancer Research, 2009, 15(3): 971-979.

[8] [8] MOCAN T, SPARCHEZ Z, CRACIUN R, et al. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis in hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic perspec-tives［J］ . Clinical Translational Oncology, 2019, 21(6): 702-712.

[9] [9] PAN Q, LIU B, LIU J, et al. Synergistic antitumor activity of XIAP-shRNA and TRAIL expressed by oncolytic adenoviruses in experimental HCC［J］ . Acta Oncologica, 2008, 47(1): 135-144.

[10] [10] YANG J, LI X, LI J, et al. Research progress of nucleic acid deliv-ery vectors for gene therapy［J］ . Biomedical Microdevices, 2020, 22: 1-10.

[11] [11] BURNETT J C, ROSSI J J. RNA-based therapeutics: current prog-ress and future prospects［J］ . Chemistry & Biology, 2012, 19(1): 60-71.

[12] [12] GAO J, YU Y, ZHANG Y, et al. EGFR-specific PEGylated im-munoliposomes for active siRNA delivery in hepatocellular carci-noma［J］ . Biomaterials, 2012, 33(1): 270-282.NEZ ALONSO A, et al. Graphene oxide dispersions in organic solvents［J］ . Langmuir, 2008, 24(19): 10560-10564.

[13] [13] PAREDES J, VILLAR RODIL S, MARTI.

[14] [14] ORECCHIONI M, CABIZZA R, BIANCO A, et al. Graphene as cancer theranostic tool: progress and future challenges［J］ . Ther-anostics, 2015, 5(7): 710-723.

[15] [15] HUMMERS JR W S, OFFEMAN R E. Preparation of graphitic ox-ide［J］ . Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(6): 1339-1339.

[16] [16] REVATHIDEVI S, MUNIRAJAN A K. Akt in cancer: media-tor and more［C］ //Seminars in Cancer Biology, Academic Press, 2019, 59: 80-91.

[17] [17] LIU B, YOSHIKI A, RYUTA Y, et al. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in a series of intracranial germinoma and its association with Foxp3+ and CD8+ infiltrating lymphocytes［J］ . PLoS One, 2018, 13(4): e0194594-0194611.

[18] [18] CHIUYM, TSAI C L, KAO J T, et al. PD-1 and PD-L1 up-reg-ulation promotes T-cell apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma［J］ . Anticancer Research, 2018, 38(4): 2069-2078.

[19] [19] SHEN H, ZHANG L, LIU M, et al. Biomedical applications of graphene［J］ . Theranostics, 2012, 2(3): 283-294.

[20] [20] WANG B J, BAO J J, WANG J Z, et al. Immunostaining of PD-1/ PD-Ls in liver tissues of patients with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma［J］ . World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2011, 17(28): 3322-3329.

[21] [21] XU G, ZHANG P, LIANG H, et al. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0003288 induces EMT and invasion by regulating hsa_circ_0003288/miR-145/PD-L1 axis in hepatocellular carci-noma［J］ . Cancer Cell International, 2021, 21(1): 1-13.

[22] [22] GAOZX, ZHANGZS, QINJ, et al. Aucubin enhances the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin through the inhibition of PD-L1 expres-sion in hepatocellular carcinoma［J］ . Phytomedicine, 2023, 112: 154715.

[23] [23] WU M, XIAX, HU J, et al. WSX1 act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating neoplastic PD-L1 expression［J］ . Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 3500.

[24] [24] DONG Z, LIAO B, SHEN W, et al. Expression of programmed death ligand 1 is associated with the prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma［J］ . Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2020, 65(2): 480-488.

[25] [25] BARAHUIE F, BULLO S, DORNIANI D, et al. Functional gra-phene oxide as a nanocarrier for controlled release and targeted delivery of an anticancer active agent, chlorogenic acid［J］ . Mate-rials Science and Engineering: C, 2017, 74: 177-185.

[26] [26] SHIH C J, LIN S, SHARMA R, et al. Understanding the pH-dependent behavior of graphene oxide aqueous solutions: a com-parative experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study［J］ . Langmuir, 2012, 28(1): 235-241.

[27] [27] LI Z W, BU J Q, ZHU X Y, et al. Anti-tumor immunity and fer-roptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma are enhanced by combined therapy of sorafenib and delivering modified GO-based PD-L1 siRNAs［J］ . Biomaterials Advances, 2022, 136: 212761-212775.