A hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) has advantages such as wide transmission bandwidth, low transmission loss, high damage threshold, and high mode purity. The HC-ARF is widely applied in high-power pulse transmission and compression, ultrafast nonlinear frequency conversion, short-haul high-speed and high-capacity optical communications, bio-chemical analysis, and quantum storage. Herein, the development history of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber(HC-PCF)was briefly reviewed, focusing on several new HC-ARFs that have emerged in recent years. In addition, the key technologies and the recent advances for the applications gas-filled HC-ARFs in the field of novel Raman laser frequency conversion were discussed.